Middle English Dictionary Entry
bǒugh n.
Entry Info
Forms | bǒugh n. Also bouh, bogh, bogth, boh, boght, bugh, buh, bught & bou, bow. Pl. bowes, bǒughes, bǒus, bewes, buȝes, bọ̄ȝhes, bọ̄es. |
Etymology | OE bōg, bōh arm, branch (corresp. to OI bōg-r, OHG buog, etc.). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A branch of a tree or bush; a main branch, a limb; also, a small branch or twig; (b) a branch of any kind of plant; a spray of an herb or shrub, a shoot, a branch of a vine, a palm frond; (c) a limb of an artificial tree; (d) fig. the Cross; (e) ~ and lef, branch(es) and leaves; also, the whole tree; ~ ne lef, nothing of the tree; braunch and ~, the smaller and larger branches; fro ~ to ~, from branch to branch; grene ~, a living branch, a branch with green leaves; in ~, on ~, on a branch, on the branches; of ~, o ~, from the branch(es); on bank and ~, everywhere out-of-doors; under ~, under boughs, covered by foliage; also, in an arbor of branches.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13741 : Unnderr fictrewwess boȝhess.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)91 : Þe children briggeden þe wei..sume mid boges þe hie breken of þe trewes.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)219 : Þe huuemeste bou..springed of þe neþemeste rote.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)41a : Þenne as þe boh [Nero: bouh; Pep: bowȝes] deð, hwiteð hit utewiþ.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)125 : Þe faucun..nom þat fule brid..& warp hit of þan wilde bowe.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)203 : Þare stod a treo with bowes brode.
- c1305 Als i me rod (LinI 135)14 : I fonde hire..under a bogh.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)608 : Ðe duue..brogt a grene oliues bog.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5747-8 : Vpe þe hexte bowe tweye applen he sey, & þe bowes of þe on appel smite þe oþer vaste.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4532 : Sir Gij..loked vnder an hawe-þorn bouȝ [Cai: a bowe].
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)675 : Arbre ad braunche et racyne; Tre, boowe, and rote.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)23 : Briddes ful bremely on þe bowes singe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.24.32 : His bouȝ, or braunche [vrr. bowis or braunche, braunches] is now tendre.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1980 : As thogh a storm sholde bresten euery bough.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.445 : Bewar þat þou falle nouȝt wiþ the tree, while þat þow takest to þe þe bowes [vr. buwes; L ramos].
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.65 : Loke þou breke no Bouȝ [vr. bowis] þere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1331 : The kinges dowhter..hield hire clos under the bowh.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4069 : Bowȝes [LinI: Bowes] of dyuers trees hij kytten.
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)14/517-518 : He .. bihelde þe faire trees and þe faire bogthes and .. sagh ly mony faire briddes deed in þhe bogthes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2452 : On a bowe I his reyne cast.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.9.48 : He kittide doun a boow of a tre.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)190 : On every bow the bryddes herde I synge.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)127 : The birdis one the bewes [IrBl: boes; Dc: bowes]..Thay clyme in the clewes.
- a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)1 : An a byrchyn bonke þer bous arne bryȝt, I saw a brymlyche bore.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2851 : With þat comaunds he..to cutt doune Bowis of buskis & of braunches.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4302 : Þe braunches of þe bowis þat beris vs oure fodis.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2301 : Anon for a rope he gan to call..And hynge hymsilf on a bughe ther alofte.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)214 : A lytyll bowe he gan of-slyve.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)80.23.2 : Ȝenim ðane wyrttrume ðisse wyrte [buglosa] þanne heo habbe þry boȝes þæs sædes.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)423 : Þo cam þare fleo a luytel foul and brouȝte a gret bouȝ Fol of grapus swyþe rede.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2060 : Ic stod at a win-tre ðat adde waxen buges ðre.
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.55va : It [viz., 'celifolia'] is but mannes foot hey, & vp toward þe top, smale bowes not finger lengthe, & in euery top redisch floures.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)239b/a : Þe bowes [L rami] of þe palme beþ y-cleped elate and rereþ hemself vpward.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4466-7 : Me-thoght i sagh a wintre, A bogh [Göt: bohu; Frf: boghe; Trin-C: bouȝe] wit branches thre..apon ilk bogh [Göt: bohw]..hang winberis inogh.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11690 : Yeit it [palm tree] boghud dun ilk bogh [Göt: boght; Trin-C: bow].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11721 : Þe bugh [Trin-C: bowȝe] til heuen wit him he bar.
- a1400 Recipe MS Hal.in Rel.Ant.1 (Hal 335)55 : Kutte away the bowys of the brome anone to the rote.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)95b : Þe children..helde bowes of palmes in hure haundes.
c
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1467 : Alle þe blomes of þe boȝes wer blyknande perles.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4963-4 : The bole was of bright gold..þat fourmyt was full faire to þe fre boghes, The brede of his bowes borly to se.
d
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24274 : All sal be sauued thoru a man, þat born es on þis bogh [Trin-C: buh].
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10002 : Swa summ þeȝȝ wærenn o þe treo All cwike & grene boȝhess.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)48 : He schal to-dreosen so lef on bouh.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)142 : He ne ffond no ffrut þer-on bote leues & bow.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1642 : The hunters..breketh bothe bowes and the leues.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)175 : Hit is heor kynde, on Bank and bouh A quik Brid to hauen and holde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.856 : Upon a grene bowh, A Ceinte of Selk..Sche knette.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15024 : Branches þai brak o bogh [Göt: of bogh; Trin-C: of bowȝe].
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)720 : And briddes syngynge on bowe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)616 : Er þou haf..under boȝe restted.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)765 : He watz war..of a won..on a lawe, loken vnder boȝez.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.603 : Wyndes gynne wake, Boþe bowe & leef causing for to falle.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)16 : Flora..The soyl hath clad..Braunch and bough wiþ red and whit depeynt.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)392 : Fowles..Lighted so thik opon þat tre, þat bogh ne lefe none might I se.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.821 : This yerd was..shadewed wel with blosmy bowes grene.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)6/23 : Tak þe grene bowes of an asche.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)290 : A knaue-chyld iborn þer wase As bryȝt as blosme on bowȝ.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)973 : That knave..clam adoune fra bough to boghe.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)5 : The birdis one bewes bi-gane for to synge.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.2 : Thus vndur boes thay byde.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)55/32 : Ponthus lete make a grete hall couered with grene boghes.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)14235 : Smyt al the ffrut doun off A tre, Brawnche and bowh.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)718/1 : Hic frons: a gren bught.
- a1500 By thys fyre (Dgb 88)5 : I am as lyght as byrde in bowe [Chet: I am as joly as bird on bouȝ].
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.35 : From beugh to beugh thay hippit and thai plaid.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.67 : Sche walkit..Under the suete grene bewis bent.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)1403 : There myght men..yse..squyrels..From bowe to bowe alway lepynge.
2.
(a) An arm or leg of a person; a leg of a boar or a horse; (b) a branch of coral; one of the smaller roots of a plant; a nerve or vein branching off from a larger nerve or vein; (c) a sub-division of a virtue or a vice; (d) an offspring, descendant.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.185 : Man..hatte..antropos..þat is as hit were a tree i-torned vp so doun..and haþ armes and þyghes as it were bowes [Higd.(2): bowȝes; L ramos].
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)680 : Þe bughes er þe armes with þe handes.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)188 : There come in at þe fyrste course..bowes of wylde bores with þe braune lechyde.
- a1486 Jousts of Peace (Mrg M 775)40 : A rayne of ledir hungre teyyd from the horse hede un to the gyrthys be twen þe forther bowse of the horsce.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)26a/a : Tweye sinewis beþ I piȝt in þe myddel of þe tonge and sprediþ in bowwes & braunchis to þe vttemest sides.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)27a/a : A veyne..sprediþ in many bowes and sprayes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198b/b : Corall..vnder water, þe bowes [L rami] þeroff ben white and neisshe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)215a/a : Þe rootis of garlek sprediþ nouȝt in bowes as þe lilye doþ.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)45/32 : Carite sprat his bowes on bræde and on lengðe swiðe ferr.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)7b : Ich mote habben..þe tweolf bohes [Cleo: boȝes; Nero: bowes] þe bloweð of chearite.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)91a : Bigin earst ed prude & sech alle þe bohes [Nero: bowes] þrof as ha beoð þruppe iwrite.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)2 : Þe þridde boȝ of auarice.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)219 : Þe zeue boȝes of chastete..þe boȝes of þise trawe..byeþ zeuen.
d
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.40 : He wedded þe dukes douhter, faire Emme þe blaunche; þre bouwes of þam spronge.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: See also bught n.