Middle English Dictionary Entry
listen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | listen v.(1) Also list(e, leste(n. Forms: sg.2 list(e, lest; sg.3 list(e, lest(e & listeth, listes, lesteth; p. list(e, leste & listed; ppl. list(e & listed. |
Etymology | OE lystan; sg.3 lyst, lysteþ; p. lyste. Some examples under lusten v. prob. belong here. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Impers.: (a) him list, hire list, etc., he (she, etc.) wishes, desires, or chooses (to do sth.); he wished, etc.; also, with implied inf. of motion: him list to, he desired to go (somewhere) [quot.: ?a1400]; (b) him list, hire list, (etc.), he (she, etc.) wishes, pleases, chooses, so desires; he wished, etc.; -- usually in subord. clauses after as, if, when, etc.; whil you god list, while it is your good pleasure; (c) with gen. as object: he desires (sth.); list him after, he desires or desired (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8119 : He..seȝȝde þatt himm lisste þa Wel etenn off an appell.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12235 : Þa þu gast tærto Forr þatt te lisste itt shæwenn.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1464 : Þurch his bodi þe swerd he þriste; Þo at arst fiȝt him liste.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2600 : Þei..went forþ on here weie, for wel list hem gone.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.583 : To make hym..lyue as scarsly as hym list desire.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)30/4 : Any planete þt the list haue of equacion.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.37 : For wher as evere him lest to sette, Ther is no myht which him may lette.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1403 : If that the list to wite, In a Cronique..it is write.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.153 : Myn housbonde shal it haue..Whan that hym list [vr. lyste] com forth and paye his dette.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.365 : Hir liste nat appalled for to be.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)52b/a : Whenne hem list take here fliȝt & here way.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.87 : To þe holy land him list, & þider gan him spede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.172 : And ȝif him list for to laike, þenne loke we mowen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.418 : Loke nouȝte on hym til hym lest to ryse.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)146 : More and more..Me lyste to se þe broke byȝonde.
- c1400 Chaucer Astr.(Cmb Dd.3.53)2.11.4 : Whan the list to know how manye howres of the clokke ben passed.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2688 : We schal ordeyn whan so vs list to mete.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)233 : With the kyng to goon Wher so euere that hym list assigne.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3932 : In his hert þan list him lagh.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)795 : He prayses ald men..And yhung men list him oft despyse.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1160 : Hym suld noght lyst..Make þe world na glade sembland.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)158/37 : Ȝif him liste to go preuyly with fewe men for to ben vnknowen.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)271 : As, if þee list fynde þis text, 'womman lo þi sone', if þou fynde it not in S. in þis word 'sone', þou shalt fynde it in V. in þis word 'womman'.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)996 : And..tolde hym..Why Dido cam..Of which as now me lesteth [vr. lysteth] nat to ryme.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)480 : And thogh the lesteth [Prol.(1): lyke] nat a lovere be, Spek wel of love.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)67/7 : When ȝou listees for to wende hame agayne, ȝe schall hafe gude leue.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)702 : Ioye to make him ne lyst.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1564 : Whan þe list with þi wyf pleye, Þi conceyt holdeþ it good and lisible.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)239 : Leve þis for lell, me list it perfourme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5023 : Þan list him lithe of his lyfe & of his last ende.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1966 : To make debate wel him list.
- c1450 I am sory (Cai 383/603)p.317 : Wanne yc ryse vp of my bed, Me liste wel to dyne.
- c1450 ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Lamb 853)245 : Of ihesu þanne moost list me speke.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)50/36 : Thou arte in my daungere, whethir me lyste to save the or sle the.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)99b/b : And if þee list to chaunge þese maturatiuis, take oþere of þe same kynde.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.118 : For litill on ȝoure lyf þe list for to rewe.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)2765 : Anoþer day quen hym list se holi writ & prophecy.
b
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)862 : Nu ȝe reste One while, ef ȝou leste.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.26.2 : As a brid to heȝe thingus ouerfleende, and a sparewe whider hym list [L quo libet] goende.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1004 : Stille in that feeld he took al nyght his reste And dide with al that contree as hym leste [vr. lest].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1183 : Loue if thee list [vr. lest], for I loue and ay shal.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1207 : Frely to goon wher that hym liste [vr. leste] oueral.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.357 : And some..as hemselve leste, Drinke undeserved of the beste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1318 : A wyf wol laste..Wel lenger than thee list parauenture.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1576 : He sholde Be wedded whan hym liste and wher he wolde.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.13 : Brittrik..drank þerof a drauht als him liste.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.48 : I had no lykynge, leue me if þe leste, of hem..to knowe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.101 : Lyf & lyme, as hym lyste, he wrought.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1766 : Baltazar to his bedd..watz caryed, Reche þe rest as hym lyst.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1502 : Ȝe may lach quen yow lyst & leue quen yow þynkkez.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1941 : As hem list, ay þe game gothe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.119 : Ye youreself..Dwelleth with us, whil yow good list, in Troie.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.3.25 : Al be it..that schrewes waxen as wode as hem lyst ayein goode folk.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)24/5 : And whan hem lyst, þei remewen to oþer cytees.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)101a/a : Schape þy cloute with þi scheres as þe liste aftir þe quantite of þe wounde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2312-3 : And in this derke cave, yif hir leste Or leste nat, he bad hire for to reste.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)88 : As autours seyn -- leveth hem if yow leste!
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1351 : Bot whar hir list, þan lat hir pas.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.19 : He welded hem alle ryght as hym lest.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)134 : To hym fallen all þe grete mariages..wich he mey dispose as hym liste.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.44.30a : Sum men..lien in here synne and wenen for to han it whan hym list.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)3.2 : It is hard to lef lust of thi flesch & likynge of the warld; do forth & led thi lyf as the list.
- a1500 *Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)149/12 : Come whenne þem liste [*CQ(1): whan it liketh thaim] and go whanne them liste.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)36/26 : The potter makith..diuerse pottis..yette, whenne hym listith, he brekith them if thei be nat made aftir his plesaunce.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)41/8 : He which made them..if Him list, canne vnmake them.
c
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)29/19 : Þis hys god ta þan mann, þe hura metes ne lyst.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)31/19 : Þur mycele æteþ and drincas, þæt yfel hym on innan wyxt and rixað swa swyþe þæt hym næþer ne meteþ ne ealaþ ne lyst.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10220 : Alls he mare & mare gett, Aȝȝ lisste himm affterr mare.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11334 : Whanne hiss fasste forþedd wass, Þa lisste himm affterr fode.
1b.
Impers. with subject hit: (a) me list hit, it pleases me (that sth. should be done); hit list me (you), it was my (your) will (to do sth., that sth. should be done); (b) hit you list, it pleases you, it is your will or pleasure; hit list to, it pleases (sb.), it is (someone's) will; -- in subord. clauses.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1564 : For me lyst hyt noght..No wyght shal speke of yow.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)313/4 : Hit lyst me to be fedde in kynge Arthures courte.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1187/20 : For and hit lyste me to com myselff oute..I shulde full sone make an ende of thys warre.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)357/70 : That it lyst you of me sympilest to take here humanite.
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1330 : Evere wors..am I, and so mot dwelle While it yow list.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1982 : Hit is founded to endure While that hit lyst to Aventure.
1c.
In quasi-impers. constructions: that him (hire, etc.) list, that which pleases him (her, etc.), what he (she, etc.) pleases, pleased, wants, or chooses, etc.; what me (the, etc.) list, whatever pleases me (you, etc.); that him list after, what he pleases or wants; what him (hire, etc.) list, what he (she, etc.) pleased, wanted, or wished; whether the list, whichever you choose.
Associated quotations
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.742 : Tomorwe wol I seye thee what me leste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1922 : Now, Sone, tell what so thee lest Of this that I have told thee hier.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2446 : And what him list he tok and wan.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)243 : Offer or leeue, wheþer þe lyst [vr. thu list].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2133 : I wyl..talk wyth þat..tulk þe tale þat me lyste.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)34/4 : He..suffryd hir..to sey what hir lysted.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)458 : They..bien..What them liste.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)192/22 : Lete hym drynke it with qwat licour þat hym lyst.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)20 : Yche wegh..has lykyng to lerne þat hym list after.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1374 : Wele wantid no wegh wale what hom liste.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.9 : He sent..Of senatoures wiche þat hym-selue leste.
- a1500(?c1370) ?Chaucer Comp.A.(Benson-Robinson)63 : It is hir pley to laughen whan men syketh, And I assente, al that hir list and lyketh!
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)266 : For to that mayde she myght sey what here lyst.
2.
(a) To desire or wish (to do sth.), choose (to do sth.); be pleased (to do sth.); (b) to wish, desire, please, want to; -- usually in subord. clauses after as, whan; (c) to desire or want (sth., or that sth. should be done).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)377 : Þou schalt answeren..No lenger plaie þou ne list [vr. þe ne lyst].
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3185 : Whan that fortune list to flee, Ther may no man the cours of hire withholde.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.271 : Of the myracle..Seint Ambrose in his preface list to seye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.477 : God liste to shewe his wonderful myracle In hire.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1 : If thou the vices lest to knowe, Mi Sone.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3147 : For whan the wommen listen pleie..Me list noght longe forto wake.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1344 : Ne nyghtyngale..Was neuere noon that lyste bet to synge.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.689 : I haue my sone snybbed and yit shal, For he to vertu listeth nat entende Bot for to pleye at dees.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22601 : Na creatur sal þan list [Phys-E: lesten] plai.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1356 : Til þe Lorde of þe lyfte liste hit abate.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)941 : Þenne lyst þe lady to loke on þe knyȝt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.93 : As myn auctor lysteth to endyte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2836 : Þer was no man þat list it withseyn.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.707 : Thise foles..listen naught to seche hem other cure.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5028 : Who list to have joie and mirth also Of love..In fruyt they shulde hem delyte.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)136/21 : Þei bryngen vp als many as men list to haue.
- a1456(a1426) Lydg.Mum.Hertford (Trin-C R.3.20)147 : Þat yee list asselen þeyre request.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Ballade Virtues (Trin-C R.3.20)38 : Daunger Haþe in you voyded mercy..Þat yee list not..Vpon youre seruantes goodely for to see.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)85/8 : There dwellyn here lemanys, to whom they may gon to whan they lestyn to haue bodily lykynge of hem.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1262 : Þer was..precious stonys, Grete gaddes of gold who-so grype lyste.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)355 : Whan we ludus..liste to drinke.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)172 : Right soo thi Sone list, as a lamb, to deye.
- c1450 ?Suffolk Ryght goodly flour (Frf 16)17 : That ye lyst grant me..Sum of that grace that god to yow hath sent.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2195 : Now yee þat listith to dwelle & here of aventure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)645/33 : Syth ye lyst to know my name.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)138 : When thai liste to come vppon us.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.182 : If a lord his leuere lyste for to ȝeue.
- c1475 Lydg.KEng.(1) (Rwl C.48)81 : Richard..Weddid queen Anne..who list see.
- a1500(c1380) Chaucer Bal.Ch.(Benson-Robinson)21 : Whan that your gentilnesse, Of my grete wo listeth don alleggeaunce.
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)533 : He lyst [vr. Hym lystyd] nowdur dance ne pley.
- a1500 Lydg.Diet.(Lnsd 699)162 : Thus in too thyngis stondith al..who so list hem sewe.
- a1500 *Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)103/26 : Wilfull mysknowlege..woll nat suffre the entre of the said trouthe, ne list [*CQ(1): disdeyneth] to knowe the fruytfull ende.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)126/10 : The highnes of the Savioure liste to appere in humilite.
- a1500 Thou synfull man (Ashm 189)13 : Þe loue of hym..Schuld chaumce [read: chaunge] thyne herte, & þu lyst behold & see Hys deth.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)776 : Þe ladie lay on hur bed and lysted too slepe.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.490 : I moot doon..Nat as I wolde but as my peple leste.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)352 : Þy wyl be ydo, ryȝt as þou lest.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)415 : Hit waltered on þe wylde flod, went as hit lyste.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1508 : Do as þou list, I putte þe choyse in the.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6768 : Als a childe þat sittes in þe moder lappe And, when it list, soukes hir pappe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.644 : Swich is Fortune..Al wordli thynges she chaungeth as she liste.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)65/1 : Ay, when Porus liste, thir fewles..walde synge.
- 1445 Thus y (Ashm 191)6 : Do as ye list -- I hold me content!
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)539 : Eten evere whan ȝe list and in ese libben.
- c1450 C.d'Orl.O thou Fortune (Frf 16)p.160 : Fortune, whyche hast the gouernaunce Of alle thynges..Ryght as thou lyst to grant hem wele or wo.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1325 : Noght to lyue as lust lyst.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)33 : Whenne he lyste, she was all atte his wille.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)3723 : He yode fforth whan he lyste.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)14 : Let whoso lyste a fol me calle.
c
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)61 : And if ȝe list þat þis book..May be receyued in ȝoure fraternyte.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2611 : If ye list it be lefte, let me wete sone.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)204/26 : Yf ye lyste ony tresoure, take what ye lyst, for there may ye fynde tresoure oute of numbir.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)365 : All that he lyst he clepyd hys.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5758 : And putt me to what othe that ye list.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1761 : Thu..make þi lepys & þi lakez & qwat þou [Ashm: þe] list ellys.
3.
With neg. & of (o): ~ nought of (o), ~ no thing of, ~ of no, etc., to care nothing for (sth.), have no taste for (sth.).
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1791 : Þe leuedis listed [Frf: list; Göt: tent] noght o [Frf: of] pride.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)3/71 : And no thing list þam þan of play.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1254 : Many a Sarazene laye on his bake..And liste no thynge of playe.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1744 : What for hungyr, what for thriste, Þe shipmen of na lykyng lyste.