orangutan

See also: orangután, orang-utan, orang utan, Orang-Utan, órang-útan, and órangútan

English

Two orangutans, a mother and child

Alternative forms

• orang-utan, orang-outang, ourang-outang, orangoutang, orang utan
• (rare) orangutang, ourang outang, orang-outan, ourangoutang, orang-utang, ourang-outan, oran-outang, orang-otang, orangoutan, orangotang, orang-otan, uran-utan, oran-otan, orang-hutan

Etymology

From Malay orang (“person, man”) + hutan (“forest”); literally, "forest man". Other names for the animal are mawas and mayas.

The name orangutan has been used in Old Javanese texts, notably in Rāmāyaṇa and in Smaradahana in the form of uraŋutan and wuraŋutan. The usage of the word to refer to the apes in these texts opposes the belief of the name orangutan originating from a European source.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɔːˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/, /ˌɔː.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/
• (UK, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/, /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/, /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/, /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/, /oʊˈɹæŋ-/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• (AUS) IPA^(key): /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/, /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/

Noun

orangutan (plural orangutans)

1. Any of three species of arboreal anthropoid ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo; Pongo pygmaeus of Borneo, Pongo abelii of Sumatra or Pongo tapanuliensis of South Tapanuli (in Sumatra).

Usage notes

• Formerly considered a single species.
• First described scientifically in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus as Homo Sylvestris.
• Renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp, then placed in Pongo by Lacépède in 1799.
• From 1996, divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii).
• The third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017.

Derived terms

• Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
• Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)
• Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis)

Descendants

• → Catalan: orangutan
• → Czech: orangutan
• → Faroese: orangutang (perhaps via another European language)
• → French: orang-outan, ourang-outang
  • → Romanian: urangutan
• → German: Orang-Utan
• → Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (ourakotágkos)
• → Hungarian: orangután
• → Italian: orangutan, orango
• → Japanese: オランウータン (oran'ūtan)
• → Polish: orangutan
• → Russian: орангутан (orangutan), орангутанг (orangutang)
  • → Armenian: օրանգուտան (ōrangutan)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: орангу̀та̄н
  • Latin script: orangùtān
• → Sicilian: rangutanu
• → Spanish: orangután
  • → Galician: orangután
• → Swedish: orangutang
• → Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
• → Turkish: orangutan

Translations

arboreal anthropoid ape

• Arabic: إِنْسَان اَلْغَاب m (ʔinsān al-ḡāb)
• Armenian: օրանգուտան (hy) (ōrangutan)
• Assamese: ওৰাংওটাং (üraṅütaṅ)
• Asturian: orangután (ast)
• Bau Bidayuh: mayas
• Belarusian: арангутан m (aranhutan)
• Bulgarian: орангутан (bg) m (orangutan)
• Catalan: orangutan (ca) m
• Central Dusun: kogiu
• Central Melanau: mayaih
• Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎩᏱᏍᎩ (adalonige adalisgiyisgi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 紅毛猩猩／红毛猩猩 (hóngmáo xīngxing)

• Czech: orangutan (cs) m
• Dutch: orang-oetan (nl) ?
• Esperanto: orangutango
• Finnish: oranki (fi)
• French: orang-outan (fr) m
• Georgian: ორანგუტანი (oranguṭani)
• German: Orang-Utan (de) m
• Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (el) m (ourakotágkos)
• Hindi: आरंगुटान ? (āraṅguṭān), ओरंगोटंग (hi) m (oraṅgoṭaṅg)
• Hungarian: orangután (hu)
• Icelandic: órangútan m
• Ido: orangutano (io)
• Inari Sami: oraŋgi
• Indonesian: orang utan (id), mawas (id)
• Irish: órang-útan m
• Italian: orango (it) m
• Japanese: オランウータン (ja) (oran'ūtan), 猩猩 (ja) (しょうじょう, shōjō)
• Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)
• Latvian: orangutans m
• Macedonian: орангутан m (orangutan)
• Malay: orang utan (ms), mawas
• Manx: apey jiarg m
• Maori: tuahuru
• Navajo: mágí diʼilí
• Polish: orangutan (pl) m
• Portuguese: orangotango (pt) m
• Romanian: urangutan (ro) m
• Russian: орангута́н (ru) m (orangután)
• Sebop: kuyang
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: орангу̀та̄н m

  Roman: orangùtān (sh) m

• Spanish: orangután (es) m
• Swedish: orangutang (sv) c
• Tagal Murut: kagui
• Tagalog: urangutang
• Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
• Tibetan: སྤྲ (spra)
• Turkish: orangutan (tr)
• Uab Meto: atoinfui
• Ukrainian: орангутан m (oranhutan)
• Vietnamese: đười ươi (vi)
• Welsh: orangwtang m
• West Coast Bajau: begiu, mawas

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [u.ɾəŋ.ɡuˈtan]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [o.ɾəŋ.ɡuˈtan]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [o.ɾaŋ.ɡuˈtan]

Noun

orangutan m (plural orangutans)

1. orangutan

Further reading

• “orangutan” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈoraŋɡutan]

Noun

orangutan m anim

1. orangutan

Declension

Declension of orangutan (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutani
genitive	orangutana	orangutanů
dative	orangutanovi, orangutanu	orangutanům
accusative	orangutana	orangutany
vocative	orangutane	orangutani
locative	orangutanovi, orangutanu	orangutanech
instrumental	orangutanem	orangutany

Derived terms

• orangutaní

 

Further reading

• orangutan in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• orangutan in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Italian

Alternative forms

• orango, urango, orangotango, orangutango, orangotano, orangutano, rangutan, rangutano

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Noun

orangutan m (invariable)

1. orangutan

Polish

orangutan

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang (“person, man”) + hutan (“forest”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ.raŋˈɡu.tan/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -utan
• Syllabification: o‧ran‧gu‧tan

Noun

orangutan m animal

1. orangutan

Declension

Declension of orangutan

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutany
genitive	orangutana	orangutanów
dative	orangutanowi	orangutanom
accusative	orangutana	orangutany
instrumental	orangutanem	orangutanami
locative	orangutanie	orangutanach
vocative	orangutanie	orangutany

Descendants

• → Kashubian: orangùtan

Further reading

• orangutan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• orangutan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Noun

orangutan m (plural orangutani)

1. Alternative form of urangutan

Declension

Declension of orangutan

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) orangutan	orangutanul	(niște) orangutani	orangutanii
genitive/dative	(unui) orangutan	orangutanului	(unor) orangutani	orangutanilor
vocative	orangutanule		orangutanilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oranɡǔtaːn/
• Hyphenation: o‧ran‧gu‧tan

Noun

orangùtān m (Cyrillic spelling орангу̀та̄н)

1. orangutan

Declension

Declension of orangutan

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutani
genitive	orangutana	orangutana
dative	orangutanu	orangutanima
accusative	orangutana	orangutane
vocative	orangutane	orangutani
locative	orangutanu	orangutanima
instrumental	orangutanom	orangutanima

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اورانغوتان (orangutan), from French orangoutan, from Malay orang utan.

Noun

orangutan

1. orangutan

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	orangutan
Definite accusative	orangutanı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	orangutan	orangutanlar
Definite accusative	orangutanı	orangutanları
Dative	orangutana	orangutanlara
Locative	orangutanda	orangutanlarda
Ablative	orangutandan	orangutanlardan
Genitive	orangutanın	orangutanların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanım orangutanlarım 2nd singular orangutanın orangutanların 3rd singular orangutanı orangutanları 1st plural orangutanımız orangutanlarımız 2nd plural orangutanınız orangutanlarınız 3rd plural orangutanları orangutanları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanımı orangutanlarımı 2nd singular orangutanını orangutanlarını 3rd singular orangutanını orangutanlarını 1st plural orangutanımızı orangutanlarımızı 2nd plural orangutanınızı orangutanlarınızı 3rd plural orangutanlarını orangutanlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanıma orangutanlarıma 2nd singular orangutanına orangutanlarına 3rd singular orangutanına orangutanlarına 1st plural orangutanımıza orangutanlarımıza 2nd plural orangutanınıza orangutanlarınıza 3rd plural orangutanlarına orangutanlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanımda orangutanlarımda 2nd singular orangutanında orangutanlarında 3rd singular orangutanında orangutanlarında 1st plural orangutanımızda orangutanlarımızda 2nd plural orangutanınızda orangutanlarınızda 3rd plural orangutanlarında orangutanlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanımdan orangutanlarımdan 2nd singular orangutanından orangutanlarından 3rd singular orangutanından orangutanlarından 1st plural orangutanımızdan orangutanlarımızdan 2nd plural orangutanınızdan orangutanlarınızdan 3rd plural orangutanlarından orangutanlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular orangutanımın orangutanlarımın 2nd singular orangutanının orangutanlarının 3rd singular orangutanının orangutanlarının 1st plural orangutanımızın orangutanlarımızın 2nd plural orangutanınızın orangutanlarınızın 3rd plural orangutanlarının orangutanlarının

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “orangutan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük