ZF 9HP transmission

ZF 9HP
ZF 9HP
Overview
Manufacturer	ZF Friedrichshafen
Production	2013–present
Assembly	Gray Court, South Carolina, United States
Body and chassis
Class	9-speed transverse automatic transmission
Chronology
Predecessor	ZF 4HP (same ZF transverse transmission)

9HP is the trademark name for the ZF Friedrichshafen nine-speed automatic transmission models (9-speed transmission with Hydraulic converter and Planetary gearsets) for transverse engine applications, designed by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken and built in Gray Court, South Carolina.^[1] It is used in front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles.

Abstract[edit]

Land Rover and Jeep demonstrated the world's first nine-speed automatic transmissions for passenger cars at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show.^[2] The 2014 Jeep Cherokee featured the world's first nine-speed automatic transmission for a passenger vehicle to market.

Specifications[edit]

Basic Concept[edit]

The 9HP is only 0.24 inches (6 mm) longer than, and weighs 16.5 lbs (7.5 kg) less than, the outgoing six-speed transmission. The compact packaging is achieved by using a number of innovative design features: a new compact hydraulic vane-type pump, two patented dog clutches,^[3] which replace bulkier conventional clutch packs, and a nested gear set.^[2] ZF claims that it is able to save an average of 16% in fuel compared with current 6-speed automatic transmissions. The gear ratio spread is 9.81:1. The transmission has a torque range between 280 and 480 Nm.^[1]

Technical data[edit]

Gear Teeth and Ratios^[a]				Planetary Gearset: Teeth^[b]				Count	Total	Avg.

Model Type	Torque Capacity First Delivery · Weight			${S_{1}}$ ^[c] ${R_{1}}$ ^[d]	${S_{2}}$ ^[e] ${R_{2}}$ ^[f]	${S_{3}}$ ^[g] ${R_{3}}$ ^[h]	${S_{4}}$ ^[i] ${R_{4}}$ ^[j]	Brakes Clutches	Ratio Span	Gear Step
Gear $n$	R	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Step $i_{n-1}/i_{n}$	–R : 1		1 : 2	2 : 3	3 : 4	4 : 5	5 : 6	6 : 7	7 : 8	8 : 9

9HP 28	280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft)^[k] 2013 · 78 kg (172 lb)			42 110	42 110	91 133	42 86	3^[l] 3^[m]	9.8085	1.3303
Ratio $i_{n}$	−3.8049 $-{\tfrac {3,142,144}{825,825}}$	4.7001 ${\tfrac {184,432}{39,325}}$	2.8419 ${\tfrac {369,664}{130,075}}$	1.9094 ${\tfrac {5,776}{3.025}}$	1.3818 ${\tfrac {76}{55}}$	1.0000 ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	0.8081 ${\tfrac {34,048}{42,133}}$	0.6995 ${\tfrac {6,272}{8,967}}$	0.5802 ${\tfrac {76}{131}}$	0.4792 ${\tfrac {2,176}{4,541}}$
Step	0.8095		1.6538	1.4884	1.3818	1.3818	1.2375	1.1553	1.2056	1.2107

9HP 48	480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft)^[n] 2013 · 86 kg (190 lb)			42 110	42 110	91 133	42 86	3^[l] 3^[m]	9.8085	1.3303
Ratio	−3.8049	4.7001	2.8419	1.9094	1.3818	1.0000	0.8081	0.6995	0.5802	0.4792
Step	0.8095		1.6538	1.4884	1.3818	1.3818	1.2375	1.1553	1.2056	1.2107

Ratio R & even	${\tfrac {(S_{1}S_{2}-R_{1}R_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{1}S_{2}R_{3}R_{4}}}$		${\tfrac {(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{R_{1}R_{3}R_{4}}}$		${\tfrac {S_{4}+R_{4}}{R_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {S_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{4}+R_{4})+S_{1}R_{3}S_{4}}}$		8: ${\tfrac {S_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{4}(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{3}R_{4}}}$
Ratio odd	1: ${\tfrac {(S_{2}+R_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{2}R_{3}R_{4}}}$		3: ${\tfrac {(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{R_{3}R_{4}}}$		5: ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	${\tfrac {S_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{2}R_{3}S_{4}}}$		${\tfrac {S_{3}(R_{1}R_{2}-S_{1}S_{2})(S4+R_{4})}{S_{3}(R_{1}R_{2}-S_{1}S_{2})(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{1}R_{2}R_{3}S_{4}}}$

^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
^ Layout
(1) Planetary gearset 4 is located on the input (turbine) side
(2) Output shaft is carrier 4 (the planetary gear carrier of gearset 4)
^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1
^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1
^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2
^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2
^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3
^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3
^ Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4
^ Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4
^ 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) for both gasoline and diesel^[1]
^ ^a ^b Thereof 1 dog break
^ ^a ^b Thereof 1 dog clutch^[3]
^ 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) for gasoline
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) for diesel^[1]

How It Works[edit]

An Animated Drive Line Schematic & A Rotational Speeds Nomogram

These ordinates are positioned on the abscissa in strict accordance with the proportions of the sun gears' teeth numbers relative to those of their rings. Consequently, the output ratios on the ordinate C4 (carrier of the last planetary gearset RS4) follows closely to those of the actual transmission. Note that elements A and F are labelled interchanged (cf. legend below).

9HP Nomogram[edit]

▶️ Interactive Nomogram

This interactive nomogram is a real geometric calculator exactly representing the rotational speeds of the transmission's 3x4 = 12 internal shafts for each of its 9 ratios (+ reverse), grouped according to their 5 permanent coupling on 4 joint ordinates and 3 independent ordinates. These ordinates are positioned on the abscissa in strict accordance with the proportions of the sun gears' teeth numbers relative to those of their rings. Consequently, the output ratios on the 6th ordinate (carrier of the fourth planetary gearset) follows closely those of the actual transmission. This advantageous geometric construction sets us free from Willis' famous and tedious formula, because all calculations are exclusively determined by lengths ratios, respectively teeth numbers on the abscissa for the 4 epicyclic ratios, and of rotational speeds on the 6th ordinate for the 10 gear ratios.

Legend:
A : Dog Clutch (couples r1+s2 with input shaft)
B : Clutch (couples s1 with input shaft)
C : Brake (blocks s1 sun gear)
D : Brake (blocks r2 ring gear)
E : Clutch (couples c3+r4 with input shaft)
F : Dog Brake (blocks s3+s4 sun gears)

Applications[edit]

Acura[edit]

TLX (V6 models, 2015–2020)
MDX (2016–2020, non-hybrid models)

Alfa Romeo[edit]

Tonale 2.0T engine

Chrysler[edit]

200
Pacifica/Voyager minivan (gasoline version)

Dodge[edit]

Dodge Hornet 2023–2024 2.0

FIAT[edit]

Dobló/RAM Promaster City (2015–2022)
500C
Toro
Ducato (2020–)

MG[edit]

MG 7 (2023–)

Opel/Vauxhall[edit]

Astra (2020; Diesel Engine)
Insignia (2020; Diesel Engine)

Honda[edit]

CR-V^[4] (diesel, 2015–2022)
Pilot (2016–2020 optional, 2021 standard on all trims)
Avancier/UR-V (2016–, 2.0L turbo)
Odyssey (2018–19 [standard, 10-speed automatic optional])
Passport (2019–)
Ridgeline (2020–)
Civic (diesel, 2018–2022)

Infiniti[edit]

QX60 (2022–)

Jeep[edit]

Ram Trucks[edit]

ProMaster City
ProMaster (2022–)

Land Rover[edit]

Jaguar[edit]

E-Pace

Nissan[edit]

Pathfinder^[6] (2022–)

Technical imperfections[edit]

The transmission has been problematic, as customers of Jeep, Chrysler, and Acura models equipped with the transmission have experienced problems in their vehicles regarding slow shifting and noisy operation. ZF has said this is due to software problems, not mechanical issues.^[7]

Chrysler issued Technical Service Bulletins (TSB) for the 2014 Jeep Cherokee to "fix rough and delayed gearshifts", and Acura has issued transmission-related recalls for the 2015 Acura TLX.^[8]^[9]

Production[edit]

Production of the 9HP started in 2013 at ZF's Gray Court facility in Laurens, South Carolina. 400,000 units are produced per year.^[10]

Production of the 9HP for Fiat and Chrysler vehicles began in May 2013 at Indiana Transmission Plant I (ITPI), followed by Tipton Transmission Plant in Tipton County, Indiana in May 2014.^[11]

References[edit]

[4] Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage

[5] Layout
(1) Planetary gearset 4 is located on the input (turbine) side
(2) Output shaft is carrier 4 (the planetary gear carrier of gearset 4)

[6] Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1

[7] Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1

[8] Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2

[9] Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2

[10] Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3

[11] Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3

[12] Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4

[13] Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4

[14] 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) for both gasoline and diesel^[1]

[a-15] Thereof 1 dog break

[b-16] Thereof 1 dog clutch^[3]

[17] 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) for gasoline
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) for diesel^[1]

[press_releases-1] "ZF Develops 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars".

[The_Car_Addict-2] "Land Rover uses the 9-speed automatic transmission by ZF".

[dog-3] ZF’s 9-Speed 9HP Transmission Puts Dog Clutches On The Leash

[18] "HONDA British-built CR-V refreshed for 2015".

[19] "World Premiere in Geneva: Land Rover installs the world's first 9-speed automatic passenger car transmission from ZF".

[20] "2022 Nissan Pathfinder Adds New Features and Ditches the CVT". 4 February 2021.

[Car_and_Driver-21] "Holy Shift ZF 9 Speed Automatic Problems Mount Chrysler Releases Third Software Update for Jeep Cherokee". 4 February 2015.

[CDblog-22] "Short Shirt Jeep Cherokee 9 Speed Automatic Gets Second Update for Rough Shifting".

[complaints-23] "Acura TLX Shifting Problems".

[24] "Spotted: ZF testing the 9HP Hybrid transmission".

[25] Chrysler Group Dedicates New Plant and Launches Nine-Speed Production in Tipton, Ind.

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