The aim of this research is to make it clear how the custom of retirement from the headship of family has been succeeded and changed in the rural area of the Western Japan. The summary of this research is as follows; The custom of retirement from the headship of family has been succeeded, because the separate living type has been shown in over 60 percent of the examined families in each district. But the percentage of the separate living type differs in districts. In some districts, the ratio has been decreasing. That means that the principles of living and economic independence have been collapsing. In other words, the custom of retirement from the headship of family has shown the aspect of the diversification. The decrease of living in the separate house in the same lot results from the aging of the parents, the decline of the self-support ability, and the decline of financial ability. Most of the family hopes to live in the separated houses. In which, the mutual interference can be avoided. Still, some old parents hope to live together.