中國共産黨第二回大會について--黨史上の史實は如何に記述されてきたか

Abstract

The Second Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which was held in Shanghai in July of 1922, differed greatly from the First Congress in that it produced official documents such as an unambiguous party constitution and party resolutions, which had not been transmitted from the previous meeting. The documents related to the Second Congress, such as the Manifesto of the Congress, occupy an important place not only in the history of the CCP but also contemporary China as the incipient movement toward the later theoretical position of joint struggle, the decision on the anti-warlord movement, anti-imperialism that comprised the active policy of the Democratic United Front are found within them. Nevertheless, there are many issues that have yet to be addressed regarding the process of creation and transmission of the documents adopted by the Second Congress and many points concerning the holding the Congress itself (including when, where, by how many and by what sort of representatives) remain unclear. This study first clarifies the provenance of the literature on the Second Congress and presents the newly discovered fact that the Manifesto of the Second Party Congress, which has heretofore been given great weight, was not actually produced or made public during the Second Congress. Subsequently, this study re-examines just how and on basis of which historical sources the history of the Second Congress had been determined. In this process of re-evaluation, it was discovered that there was a tendency to depict the early history of the party in overly fine detail during the period of the People's Republic. At the same time this study reviews the restraints that were imposed on descriptions of the early party congresses. On the basis of this overview, I point out that "the historical truth" of the CCP rests on the authority of statistical resources produced by the Sixth Party Congress in 1928, rather than being based on historically accurate sources of any sort, and that this was thus party history as political act, one which mimicked history but was not in fact history. It should be recognized that the identities of the participants in the Second Congress is a problem that cannot be solved unequivocally. At the present time, we can do no more than confirm that there appears to have been a congress, which approximately seven people, including Chen Duxiu 陳獨秀, Zhang Guotao 張國燾, Cai Hesen 蔡和森, and Li Da 李達, attended.