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General Information

Region		South-eastern Asia
Population (000, 2021)		32 776^a,b
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		99.8^a,b
Capital city		Kuala Lumpur^d
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		7 780.3^e,c
UN membership date		17-Sep-57
Surface area (km2)		330 621^c
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		105.6^a,b
National currency		Malaysian Ringgit (MYR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		4^f

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	255 018	301 355	364 684^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.4	5.1	4.3^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	9 040.6	9 955.2	11 414.3^c
Economy: Agriculture^g (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	8.4	7.3^c
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	40.9	38.9	37.8^c
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	48.9	52.7	54.8^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	14.2	12.5	10.1^h,f
Employment in industry (% of employed)	27.7	27.5	26.8^h,f
Employment in services (% employed)	58	60	63.1^h,f
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	3.2	3.1	3.4^f
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	43.5 / 76.2	50.5 / 77.6	50.9 / 77.2^f
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	113	120^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	89	104	105^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	198 791	200 211	234 042^h,f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	164 586	176 175	189 804^h,f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	34 204	24 036	44 238^h,f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	25 644	9 068	14 848^f

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,i (average annual %)	1.9	1.4	1.3^f
Urban population^b (% of total population)	70.9	74.2	76.6^c
Urban population growth rate^b,i (average annual %)	3.1	2.7	...
Fertility rate, total^b,i (live births per woman)	2.2	2.1	2^f
Life expectancy at birth^b,i (females/males, years)	76.3 / 72.0	77.2 / 73.0	78.1 / 74.0^f
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	28.0 / 7.9	25.1 / 9.3	23.3 / 11.3^a
International migrant stock^b,j,k (000/% of total pop.)	2 417.4 / 8.6	3 280.7 / 10.8	3 476.6 / 10.7^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	212.9^l	272	188.1^f
Infant mortality rate^b,i (per 1 000 live births)	7	6.4	5.9^f
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	3.2	3.8	3.8ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.2	1.5	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5	4.9	4.2^c
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 99.3	104.1 / 103.5	106.0 / 104.6^o
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	80.2 / 74.5	88.7 / 81.4	87.0 / 80.7^c
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	70.0 / 60.2	86.9 / 76.2	83.8 / 73.4^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.9	2.1^p	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.9	10.4	14.9^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	56.3^r	71.1	84.2^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1	1.3	1ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	1 180	1 252	1 928
Forested area^h (% of land area)	57.7	59.2	58.5ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	189.9 / 6.7	220.2 / 7.3	228.0 / 7.2ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 450	3 748	3 952ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	105	113	122ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	24 577	25 721	26 101^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	28.5	28.5	28.5^f
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0	0	0^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Sabah and Sarawak.
c		2019
d		Kuala Lumpur is the capital and Putrajaya is the administrative capital.
e		Refers to the Greater Kuala Lumpur.
f		2020
g		At producers' prices.
h		Estimate.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Refers to foreign citizens.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Provisional data.
n		2018
o		2017
p		2013
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Refers to total population.
s		Including Singapore residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway.