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The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol 135, 1195-1205, Copyright © 1996 by The Rockefeller University Press
Active and inactive genes localize preferentially in the periphery of chromosome territories
A Kurz, S Lampel, JE Nickolenko, J Bradl, A Benner, RM Zirbel, T Cremer and P Lichter
Abteilung Organisation komplexer Genome, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
The intranuclear position of a set of genes was analyzed with respect to
the territories occupied by the whole chromosomes in which these genes are
localized. Genes and their respective chromosome territories were
simultaneously visualized in three-dimensionally preserved nuclei applying
dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Three coding (DMD, MYH7, and
HBB) and two noncoding sequences (D1Z2 and an anonymous sequence) were
analyzed in four different cell types, including cells where DMD and MYH7
are actively transcribed. Spatial analysis by confocal laser scanning
microscopy revealed that the genes are preferentially located in the
periphery of chromosome territories. This positioning was independent from
the activity of the genes. In contrast, the non-expressed anonymous
fragment was found randomly distributed or localized preferentially in the
interior of the corresponding chromosome territory. Furthermore, the
distribution of the analyzed genes within the territorial peripheries was
found to be highly characteristic for each gene, and, again, independent
from its expression. The impact of these findings with regard to the three-
dimensional arrangement of the linear DNA string within chromosome
territories, as well as with respect to a putative nuclear subcompartment
confining gene expression, are discussed.
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