Holothuroidea

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Cryptosyringida
Classis: Holothuroidea
Subclassis: Apodacea – Aspidochirotacea – Dendrochirotacea

Overview of ordines (6)

Apodida – Aspidochirotida – Dactylochirotida – Dendrochirotida – Elasipodida – Molpadiida

Name

Holothuroidea Blainville, 1834

Uncertainties

Alternatively classified in Echinozoa, depending on which hypothesis is adopted.

References

Additional references

Fernández-Rodríguez, I., Arias, A., Anadón, N. & Acuña, J.L. 2019. Holothurian (Echinodermata) diversity and distribution in the central Cantabrian Sea and the Avilés Canyon System (Bay of Biscay). Zootaxa 4567(2): 293–325. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.5 Reference page.
Kerr, A. 2000: Evolution and Systematics of Holothuroidea (Echinodermata). Thesis, Yale University.
O’Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1–18. Abstract & excerpt PDF Reference page.
Pawson, D.L.; Pawson, D.J.; King, R.A. 2010: A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449: Preview PDF
Smiley, S. 1994: Holothuroidea. In: Harrison, F. W. and F.-S. Chia, eds. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Volume 14. Echinodermata. New York: Wiley-Liss, 401-471.
Smith, A.B. 1997: Echinoderm larvae and phylogeny. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28: 219–241.
Thandar, A.S. 2015. Biodiversity and distribution of the southern African sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 4058(3): 341–361. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.3. Preview (PDF). Reference page.
Thandar, A.S. 2019. On some lesser known sea cucumbers in the Natural History Museum, UK (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 4688(3): 361–381. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.3.3 Reference page.
Thandar, A.S. & Rambaran, R. 2015. On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON). Zootaxa 3999(1): 41–61. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.3. Preview (PDF). Reference page.
Théel, J.H. 1879. Preliminary Report on the Holothuridae of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger" under Professor Sir C. Wyville Thomson F.R.S., Part 1. Bihang Till Kongliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar 5(19): 1-20. BHL Reference page.
Théel, H. 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part I. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76, Zoology 4(13): 1–176. BHL. Reference page.
Théel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76, Zoology 14(39): 1–290. BHL. Reference page.

Links

https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv17622994?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

Vernacular names

беларуская: Галатурыі
čeština: Sumýši
Deutsch: Seegurken
Ελληνικά: Ολοθούρια, Αγγούρια της θάλασσας
English: Sea cucumbers
español: Pepinos de mar
suomi: Merimakkarat
français: Holothuries, concombres de mer
Bahasa Indonesia: Teripang
italiano: Cetrioli di mare, Oloturie
македонски: Морски краставици
polski: strzykwy
slovenčina: Holotúrie
தமிழ்: கடல் வெள்ளரி
Tiếng Việt: Hải sâm
中文: 海参纲

For more multimedia, look at Holothuroidea on Wikimedia Commons.