Forming the inf. (later reduced to -e, then lost): (a) from OE -an, as in sing-e(n, sett-e(n [OE sing-an, sett-an ]; (b) replacing -ien from OE -ian, except in the South, as in lọ̄k-e(n [OE lōc-ian].

Forming the past participle of strong verbs. The full form is perserved in the North; the reduced form -e appears early in the South, later also in the Midland. Examples: N bit-en, M bit-e(n, S i-)bit-e bitten [OE ge-)biten]; N brōk-en, M brōk-e(n, S i-)brōk-e broken [OE ge-)broc-en]; N knau-en, M knou-e(n, S i-)knou-e known [OE ge-)cnāw-en].