4세기 말에 고비 사막의 남과 북에서 흥기한 유연은 중요한 고대 북방민족의 하나로 지난 100여 년간 유연에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되어 적지 않은 성과를 거두었다. 그러나 유연 언어에 대한 깊이 있는 연구는 매우부족한 실정이다.
본 논고는 기존에 충분히 연구되지 못한 유연 언어를 이해하기 위해 사료 등에 그 의미하는 바가 명확히남아 있는 유연 카한 칭호 12개에 대해 재분석을 시도한 것이다. “유연의 풍속에서는 군주와 대신은 그 행위와재능에 따라 칭호를 삼았는데 중국에서 시호를 정하는 것과 유사하다.”는 기록처럼 카한 칭호 분석을 위해 카한의 등극 과정과 능력을 살폈고, 한자로 쓰인 칭호의 뜻을 정확하게 풀이하기 위해 『위서』에서 그 한자가 어떠한 의미로 사용되었는지에 대해서도 조사하였다. 더불어 기존 선행 연구들도 비판적으로 재검토하였다.
사료 분석과 기존 선행 연구를 토대로 카한 칭호를 재분석한 결과, 카한 칭호 중의 ‘tengryin(敕連)’, ‘čori (處羅)’, ‘böke(伏古)’, ‘törü(豆羅)’, ‘dobu(頭兵)’ 등은 몽골어와 돌궐어 양쪽 모두에서 존재하는 어휘였다. 그러나 대다수의 어휘는 몽골어였으며 접사 같은 경우 대체로 몽골어 형태와 동일함을 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 ‘흘승(紇升)’, ‘부진(部眞)’, ‘미우가사구(彌偶可社句)’와 같이 해석되지 않는 어휘들도 일부 존재했는데 이는향후 더 많은 자료의 정리를 통한 연구가 더 진척되면 해석되리라 기대한다.
Rouran(柔然) was one of the important ancient northern tribe who rosed in the southern and northern parts of the Gobi Desert at the end of the 4th century. In the last 100 years, a great deal of research has been carried out on Rouran, which has produced many results. However, in-depth study of Rouran language is very insufficient. In this paper attempts to re-analyze the 12 Rouran Khan titles, which clearly indicate their meaning in historical materials. In order to understand Rouran language which has not been studied sufficiently. “In the customs of Rouran, Khan and lords are given titles according to their deeds and abilities. similar to given a posthumous epithet in China.” As we can see from this record, for the purpose of analyzing the titles of Khan, we investigated how they became Khan and their abilities. Also in order to correctly interpret the meaning of the Khan title written in chinese characters, we also examined the meaning of the chinese characters in “Book of Wei(魏 書)”. In addition, we critically reviewed previous studies. As a result of re-analyzing the Khan title based on analysis on historical sources and previous studies, the term ‘tengryin(敕連)’, ‘čori(處羅)’, ‘böke(伏古)’, ‘törü(豆羅)’, and ‘dobu(頭兵)’ in the Khan title was a vocabulary that existed in both Mongolian language and Old Turkic language. However, the majority of the vocabulary was Mongolian, and the affixes were generally the same as the Mongolian forms. In addition, there were some vocabulary that could not be interpreted, such as ‘heulseung(紇升)’, ‘bujin(部眞)’, and ‘miugasagu(彌偶可社句)’. Is expected to be interpreted as further progress. It is expected that this will be interpreted as the research progresses through the collection of more data in the future.
Rouran(柔然) was one of the important ancient northern tribe who rosed in the southern and northern parts of the Gobi Desert at the end of the 4th century. In the last 100 years, a great deal of research has been carried out on Rouran, which has produced many results. However, in-depth study of Rouran language is very insufficient. In this paper attempts to re-analyze the 12 Rouran Khan titles, which clearly indicate their meaning in historical materials. In order to understand Rouran language which has not been studied sufficiently. “In the customs of Rouran, Khan and lords are given titles according to their deeds and abilities. similar to given a posthumous epithet in China.” As we can see from this record, for the purpose of analyzing the titles of Khan, we investigated how they became Khan and their abilities. Also in order to correctly interpret the meaning of the Khan title written in chinese characters, we also examined the meaning of the chinese characters in “Book of Wei(魏 書)”. In addition, we critically reviewed previous studies. As a result of re-analyzing the Khan title based on analysis on historical sources and previous studies, the term ‘tengryin(敕連)’, ‘čori(處羅)’, ‘böke(伏古)’, ‘törü(豆羅)’, and ‘dobu(頭兵)’ in the Khan title was a vocabulary that existed in both Mongolian language and Old Turkic language. However, the majority of the vocabulary was Mongolian, and the affixes were generally the same as the Mongolian forms. In addition, there were some vocabulary that could not be interpreted, such as ‘heulseung(紇升)’, ‘bujin(部眞)’, and ‘miugasagu(彌偶可社句)’. Is expected to be interpreted as further progress. It is expected that this will be interpreted as the research progresses through the collection of more data in the future.
