The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands
of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human …

Liquid-crystalline (LC) physical gels are a new class of dynamically functional materials
consisting of liquid crystals and fibrous aggregates of molecules that are called “gelators”. Liquid-…

The role of the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded antigens in the
pathogenesis of liver cell injury has not been defined because of the absence of appropriate …

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins, comprising the most recently
designated family of multidrug transporter proteins, are widely distributed in all kingdoms of living …

In mammals, toxic electrolytes of endogenous and exogenous origin are excreted through the
urine and bile. Before excretion, these compounds cross numerous cellular membranes in …

Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer of polycarbonate plastics, has been shown to possess
estrogenic properties and act as an agonist for the estrogen receptors. Although an …

We have searched for axions which could be produced in the solar core by exploiting their
conversion to X rays in a strong laboratory magnetic field. The signature of the solar axion is …

Melanoblasts (Mbs) are thought to be strictly regulated by cell–cell interactions with epidermal
keratinocytes, although the precise molecular mechanism of the regulation has been …

Background Little is known about the long-term prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
Methods This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated clinical and histological findings …

Solar neutrino measurements from 1258 days of data from the Super-Kamiokande detector
are presented. The measurements are based on recoil electrons in the energy range 5.0–…

The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-induced
immunopathology are not well defined. Using a model in which hepatitis B surface …

Background— To date, no prospective studies have examined the association between
serum homocysteine levels and the risk of stroke and stroke subtypes in Asian populations. …

Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) are major inflammatory mediators
that play important roles in pain sensation and hyperalgesia. The role of their receptors (EP …

For a long time, there were no efficient ways of controlling antiferromagnets. Quite a strong
magnetic field was required to manipulate the magnetic moments because of a high …

Background: Cofilin is a low‐molecular weight actin‐modulating protein, and is structurally
and functionally conserved in eucaryotes from yeast to mammals. The functions of cofilin …

Recent studies have shown that Notch signaling plays an important role in epidermal
development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by integrating loss- …

Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 slowly wane over time. Here, we examined how time
affects antibody potency. To assess the impact of antibody maturation on durable neutralizing …

Fasting has been used to control epilepsy since antiquity, but the mechanism of coupling
between metabolic state and excitatory neurotransmission remains unknown. Previous work …

Muon neutrino disappearance probability as a function of neutrino flight length L over neutrino
energy E was studied. A dip in the L / E distribution was observed in the data, as predicted …

We demonstrate that the spin Hall effect in a thin film with strong spin-orbit scattering can
excite magnetic precession in an adjacent ferromagnetic film. The flow of alternating current …