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Eruptive history of Incahuasi, Falso Azufre and El Cóndor Quaternary composite volcanoes, southern Central Andes

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Abstract

Volcanoes can stay dormant for much longer than 10 ka and hence many Quaternary volcanoes lacking Holocene activity have the potential to become active. Reconstructing the eruptive histories of these volcanoes is an important first step towards evaluating their long-term eruptive probabilities. The southern Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes at ~ 27° S latitude has a notable concentration of Quaternary volcanoes, several considered potentially active, but most of which are poorly known. We reconstruct the eruptive histories of three of these volcanoes, Incahuasi, Falso Azufre and El Cóndor, on the basis of field and satellite image mapping and unspiked K-Ar geochronology, supported by petrography and whole-rock geochemistry. Incahuasi (volume of 62 ± 6 km3) comprises a main conical edifice, capped by a summit crater, that was constructed between ~ 1.6 and 0.7 Ma by mostly andesitic lavas at a growth rate of ~ 0.07 km3/ka. At 0.8–0.7 Ma, activity shifted to the eastern flank, with the emplacement of a trachydacitic lava dome and a trachyandesitic lava field. At 0.35 Ma, a mafic center consisting of overlapping scoria cones and basaltic andesite lava flows was emplaced on the NE flank. Falso Azufre (98 ± 12 km3) is an arcuate-shaped massif with several vents aligned NW-SE and ENE-WSW. It contains the remnant of a Pliocene andesitic edifice. The bulk of the massif was constructed between ~ 0.9 and 0.5 Ma by andesitic and trachyandesitic lava flows. More recent activity (< 0.4 Ma) consists of andesitic to dacitic flows, coulées and domes restricted to the summit regions and the eastern flank. The average Quaternary growth rate is ~ 0.1 km3/ka. El Cóndor (109 ± 8 km3) is a NW-SE elongated massif with two distinct stages of activity. The Pliocene stage consists of andesitic to dacitic rocks. Recent activity (< 0.15 Ma) is among the youngest recorded in the region and consists mainly of trachyandesitic to trachydacitic lava flows. The estimated eruption rate of ~ 0.4 km3/ka is one of the highest of the CVZ. Incahuasi has the lowest long-term eruptive potential of the three volcanoes. Falso Azufre has an intermediate long-term eruptive potential and a minor felsic phase may be ongoing. El Cóndor has the highest long-term eruptive potential and its main constructive phase may still be ongoing. Most CVZ volcanoes, including Incahuasi and Falso Azufre, have longer lifespans and lower average growth rates compared to volcanoes from other arcs, suggesting a significant difference between the CVZ and other arcs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina) project PIP IU 286, Fundación Miguel Lillo (Argentina), through a scholarship awarded to PG by the CONICET–JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) International Cooperation Program, and by the JSPS KAKENHI grant 15H02630 awarded to YO. SG thanks the project of CONICET (PUE IBIGEO). Mie Ichihara is thanked for her assistance and hospitality during PG’s stay in Japan. N. Hokanishi is thanked for her support during XRF analysis. PG is very grateful to Constantino Grosse for his invaluable assistance and companionship in the field. We thank Valerio Acocella and Shanaka de Silva for their thourough reviews of a previous version. Two anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Valerio Acocella provided insightful comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

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  1. Yuji Orihashi

    Present address: Global Environment and Disaster Prevention Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan

  2. Silvina R. Guzmán

    Present address: Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Lluis Sole i Sabaris s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

  3. Hirochika Sumino

    Present address: Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3–8–1 Komaba, Meguro–ku, Tokyo, 153–8902, Japan

  4. Keisuke Nagao

    Present address: Division of Polar Earth–System Sciences, KOPRI (Korea Polar Research Institute), 26 Songdomirae–ro, Yeonsu–gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CONICET and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000JFE, Tucumán, Argentina

    Pablo Grosse

  2. Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

    Yuji Orihashi

  3. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO), UNSa-CONICET, 9 de Julio 14, Rosario de Lerma, 4405, Salta, Argentina

    Silvina R. Guzmán

  4. Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

    Hirochika Sumino & Keisuke Nagao

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Correspondence to Pablo Grosse.

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Editorial responsibility: V. Acocella; Deputy Executive Editor: J. Tadeucci

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Grosse, P., Orihashi, Y., Guzmán, S.R. et al. Eruptive history of Incahuasi, Falso Azufre and El Cóndor Quaternary composite volcanoes, southern Central Andes. Bull Volcanol 80, 44 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-018-1221-5

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