monarch

See also: Monarch

English

A group of monarchs.

A monarch butterfly.

Etymology

From Middle French monarque, from Late Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈmɒnək/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑnɚk/, /ˈmɑnɑɹk/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

Noun

monarch (plural monarchs)

1. The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 25:

     Never was monarch better fear'd and lov'd / Than is your Majesty.

2. A monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and others of genus Danaus, found primarily in North America, so called because of the designs on its wings.
   • 2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 223:

     But I know the monarchs are close by, their orange-and-black wings folded, dusted, and baked by heat, ready to flee south.

3. (Aboriginal English) A police officer.
   • 1961, Nene Gare, The Fringe Dwellers, Text Classics, published 2012, page 41:

     ‘Skippy gets off. An ya know the first thing e says to them monarch? E turns round on em an yelps, “An now ya can just gimme back that bottle.”’

4. (often capitalised) A stag which has sixteen or more points or tines on its antlers.
5. The chief or best thing of its kind.
6. Any bird of the family Monarchidae.

   Synonym: monarch flycatcher

Usage notes

See monarchy.

Synonyms

• (ruler): autocrat, autocrator, big man, despot, dictator, Führer, potentate, sovereign, tyrant

Hyponyms

• (ruler): emperor, empress, king, queen

Derived terms

• absolute monarch
• African monarch (Danaus chrysippus)
• Biak monarch (Symposiachrus brehmii))
• constitutional monarch
• false monarch
• frilled monarch (Arses telescopthalmus)
• golden monarch (Carterornis chrysomela)
• monarch caterpillar
• monarch flycatcher (Monarchidae spp.)
• monarchical
• monarchism
• monarchist
• monarch of all one surveys

 

Translations

ruler

• Afrikaans: monarg
• Albanian: monark (sq) m
• Amharic: ንጉሥ m (nəguś)
• Arabic: عَاهِل m (ʕāhil)
• Armenian: միապետ (hy) (miapet), ինքնակալ (hy) (inkʻnakal)
• Aromanian: munarhu m, munarhã f
• Asturian: monarca m or f
• Azerbaijani: monarx
• Bashkir: батша (batşa)
• Basque: monarka (eu) anim
• Belarusian: мана́рх m (manárx)
• Bengali: সম্রাট (bn) m (śomraṭ), সম্রাজ্ঞী (bn) f (śomrajni)
• Breton: unpenn m
• Bulgarian: мона́рх (bg) m (monárh)
• Burmese: ဘုရင် (my) (bhu.rang)
• Catalan: monarca (ca) m or f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 君主 (zh) (jūnzhǔ), 君王 (zh) (jūnwáng)

• Corsican: munarca m
• Czech: panovník (cs) m, monarcha (cs) m
• Danish: monark (da) c
• Dutch: monarch (nl) m
• Emilian: please add this translation if you can
• Erzya: вейкинязор (vejkińazor)
• Esperanto: monarĥo, monarko
• Estonian: monarh
• Finnish: monarkki (fi)
• French: monarque (fr) m
• Friulian: monarcje
• Galician: monarca (gl) m or f
• Georgian: მონარქი (monarki)
• German: Monarch (de) m, Monarchin (de) f, Fürst (de) m
• Greek: μονάρχης (el) m (monárchis)

  Ancient: μόναρχος m (mónarkhos), μονάρχης m (monárkhēs)

• Hebrew: מוֹנַרְךְ (he) m (monárkh)
• Hindi: राजा (hi) m (rājā)
• Hungarian: uralkodó (hu), egyeduralkodó (hu), fejedelem (hu), monarcha (hu)
• Icelandic: einvaldsherra m, konungur (is) m, drottning (is) f, fursti m, keisari (is) m, einvaldur m, einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi konungsríkis m, einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi keisaradæmis m, einvaldur þjóðhöfðingi furstadæmis m, höfðingi (is) m, jöfur (is) m,
• Ido: monarko (io)
• Indonesian: raja (id)
• Interlingua: monarcha
• Irish: monarc m
• Italian: monarca (it) m or f
• Japanese: 君主 (ja) (くんしゅ, kunshu), 王 (ja) (おう, ō)
• Javanese: ratu (jv)
• Kazakh: патша (patşa), монарх (monarx)
• Khmer: ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ (prĕəh mĕəʼhaaksat), ក្ស័ត្រ (ksat)
• Korean: 군주(君主) (ko) (gunju), 군왕(君王) (ko) (gunwang)
• Kyrgyz: монарх (monarh), падыша (ky) (padışa)
• Lao: ທິລາດ (thi lāt)
• Latvian: monarhs m
• Ligurian: monàrca m
• Lithuanian: monarchas m
• Lombard: monarca m
• Macedonian: монарх m (monarh), владетел m (vladetel)
• Malay: ratu (ms), raja (ms), permaisuri, pemerintah (ruler)
• Maltese: monarka m
• Manx: ard-ree m
• Marathi: राजा m (rājā)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: ван (mn) (van)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: monark (no) m

  Nynorsk: monark (no) m

• Occitan: monarca m
• Persian: مونارک (monârk), پادِشاه (fa) (pâdešâh), پادشاه (fa) (pâdšâh), مَلَکه (fa) (malake) (female)
• Piedmontese: monarca m
• Polish: monarcha (pl) m, monarchini (pl) f
• Portuguese: monarca (pt) m or f
• Punjabi: ਰਾਜਾ m (rājā)
• Romagnol: please add this translation if you can
• Romanian: monarh (ro) m

  Cyrillic: монарх m (monarh)

• Russian: мона́рх (ru) m (monárx)
• Scottish Gaelic: mhonarc m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мо̀нарх m

  Roman: mònarh (sh) m

• Slovak: panovník m, monarcha m
• Slovene: monarh (sl) m
• Spanish: monarca (es) m or f
• Swedish: monark (sv) c
• Tagalog: monarka
• Tajik: подишоҳ (podišoh), монарх (monarx)
• Tamil: அரசன் (ta) (aracaṉ)
• Tarifit: ajeğğid m
• Tatar: монарх (monarx)
• Thai: กษัตริย์ (th) (gà-sàt)
• Turkish: hakan (tr), hükümdar (tr), monark (tr)
• Turkmen: monarh, patyşa
• Ukrainian: мона́рх (uk) m (monárx), монархиня f (monarxynja)
• Uzbek: monarx (uz), podsho (uz)
• Vietnamese: vua (vi), quân chủ (vi), quốc vương (vi)
• Welsh: teyrn (cy) m
• Zhuang: ginhcuj
• Yiddish: מאָנאַרך m (monarkh)

butterfly Danaus plexippus

• Bulgarian: монарх (bg) m (monarh)
• Catalan: monarca (ca) f
• Finnish: monarkkiperhonen (fi)
• Galician: bolboreta monarca f
• Korean: 제왕나비 (jewangnabi), 군주나비 (gunjunabi)
• Persian: پروانه شهریار (parvâne-šahryâr)
• Portuguese: borboleta-monarca f
• Romanian: fluture monarh m
• Welsh: glöyn y llaethlys m

chief or best thing of its kind

• Finnish: kuningas- (fi)

bird of the family Monarchidae

• Finnish: monarkki (fi)

References

• Monarch butterfly on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Danaus plexippus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

A monarch can have any of the following titles:

• emperor/empress
• king/queen
• prince/princess
• grand duke/grand duchess

Anagrams

• chroman, march on, nomarch

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch monarcha, from Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from 'μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːˈnɑrx/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mo‧narch
• Rhymes: -ɑrx

Noun

monarch m (plural monarchen, diminutive monarchje n)

1. monarch

Derived terms

• monarchaal
• monarchie
• monarchvlinder

Descendants

• Afrikaans: monarg