転移rnaとは? わかりやすく解説

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てんい‐アールエヌエー【転移RNA】


転移RNA

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/07 09:06 UTC 版)

転移RNA(てんいRNA、: transfer RNAtRNA)は[1]、通常76–90ヌクレオチド真核生物の場合[2])のRNAからなるアダプター分子であり、遺伝情報を含むmRNAとタンパク質のアミノ酸配列とを物理的に結びつける役割を担う。運搬RNAトランスファーRNAとも呼ばれ、通常tRNAと略記される。かつてはsRNA(soluble RNA)と呼ばれていた。tRNAは、細胞内のリボソームというタンパク質合成機械にアミノ酸を運ぶことでこれを行う。伝令RNA(メッセンジャーRNA、mRNA)上の3ヌクレオチドコドンと、tRNA上の3ヌクレオチドアンチコドン相補的な関係が、mRNA上のコードに基づくタンパク質の合成に結びつく。このように、tRNAは、遺伝暗号に従って新しいタンパク質を生物学的に合成する翻訳に欠かせない要素である。


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転移RNA(transfer RNA、tRNA)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2022/02/27 14:39 UTC 版)

ノンコーディングRNA」の記事における「転移RNA(transfer RNAtRNA)」の解説

転移RNA(てんい-、transfer RNA)は7393塩基長さ小さなRNAであり、翻訳反応において、合成中のポリペプチド鎖アミノ酸転移させるためのアダプター分子である。通常tRNA略記されるが、運搬RNAトランスファーRNAなどとも呼ばれるアミノアシルtRNA合成酵素働きにより、それぞれ特定のアミノ酸結合してアミノアシルtRNAamino acyl-tRNA)となる。tRNA含まれるアンチコドンリボソーム中でmRNA上の塩基配列コドン)を認識し結合する。この過程mRNA上の塩基配列対応した正しアミノ酸ポリペプチド鎖取込まれる。また、ある種tRNAレトロトランスポゾン逆転写反応プライマーとして機能することが知られている。

※この「転移RNA(transfer RNA、tRNA)」の解説は、「ノンコーディングRNA」の解説の一部です。
「転移RNA(transfer RNA、tRNA)」を含む「ノンコーディングRNA」の記事については、「ノンコーディングRNA」の概要を参照ください。

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