This study modifies the field test items developed and examined by the authors in 2019 to measure the physical fitness of junior menʼs alpine skiers, increases the number of participant, and targets high school male alpine skiers of a wide range of competition levels. The purpose was to clarify the relationship between field test items and competition results. The participant were 50 high school male alpine skiers who belong to the Ski Association of Japan. The physical fitness test was conducted in October 2020. The points issued by the International Ski federation and the Ski Association of Japan are GS and SL as indicators of competition results（2020/2021 FIS NO.21/SAJ NO.17）. In order to clarify the relationship between each field test item and the competition results, we examined using Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient and set the significance level to less than 5%. As a result, standing long jump, one-leg standing long jump（right / left）, standing 5-step jump, sit up, figure 8 running, 20 cm jump, hop test（both legs / right / left）, standing body forward bending, 4.5 cm eye-opening one-leg standing test（right / left）, high box jump 90s, and 12-minute running.

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本研究は，強化指定高校生群，指定外高校生群，大学生選手群に被験者を分類し，体力とFISポイントの関連性について検討を行い，以下のことが明らかになった．
1)強化指定高校生群では，シーズン前後の最大酸素摂取量の測定値とFISポイントの間に正の相関がみられた．
2)指定外高校生群では， FISポイントと膝伸展筋力のシーズン前後の測定値に正の相関がみられた．最大無酸素性パワーと乳酸性パワーはシーズン終了後の測定値では負の相関がみられたが，シーズン直前の測定値では異なる相関関係となっていた．
3)大学生群では，シーズン直前の最大酸素摂取量の値とFIS-SLポイントのみ相関がみられた．
4)被験者群間のFISポイントの差は，体力の差ではなく滑走技能の差が大きく影響しており，身体資源の面では指定外高校生群や大学生群の選手も強化指定高校生群レベルのFISポイントを獲得できる可能性があると考えられた．

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In order to develop a skiing robot which can turn like a skier, it is necessary to understand the basic mechanisms of skiing. This helps in the learning and teaching of skiing. We have developed an active carving-turn model of flexion and extension of the hip and knee joints. Flexing one hip and knee joints and extending the other hip and knee joints causes the skis to be edged. If a carving ski is used, this model can be carving-turned. When this model leans to the side of the flexed leg, one leg is flexed and the other leg is extended. This posture is an inward posture. The direction of the ski is in front of the body and faces the same direction（90 degrees). To achieve a continuous turn, we made this robot model with flexion and extension of the hip and knee joints. Two servo motors were used to create the flexion and extension of each leg. In creating this model, a sequential carving- turn can be achieved.

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障がい者の

は，健常者のと比較し，2つ大きな用具の違いがある．1つ目はシッティングカテゴリーの選手が使用する『チェアスキー』，2つ目はチェアスキー選手や立位（下肢障害，切断）の選手が使用する『アウトリガー』である．これらの用具を使用し時速100 km_h//h以上で100分の1秒を争う競技である．ゆえに，用具の進化も目覚しいものがある．本稿では，パラ特有の用具，補装具の説明，特にチェアスキーの発展に重点を置き，最近の世界の動向から平昌パラリンピックに向けた取り組みを紹介する．

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To investigate the influence of alpine ski event results on the new devised performance test for alpine ski racers (call for Bosco test). Bosco test evaluates the performance in the jumping height that carries a barbell on its shoulder with weight load from 0kg to 50kg at random, and indicate counter, and it is consisted of from vertical posture to squat posture with countermovement, and jump performance, and evaluation whether performance in the jump height; experimentally. The subjects were ten male alpine ski racers. Five kind of extra load on the counter movement of jump exercise test. The analyzed mechanical parameters are on the basis of flight time (sec), peak velocity (m/sec), peak force (N), and peak power (watt). As a result of having compared it in relationship with event results, by an International Ski Federation (F.I.S. 2008 version) of point , It was recognized significantly correlated (r= -0.64~-0.75 p<0.05) between in slalom point and jump height by Bosco test and out put mechanical power. It was observed that the alpine ski giant slalom point was significantly correlated to these variable in Bosco test condition and also to jumping height of center of gravity (p<0.05) and peak power (p<0.05) in Bosco test. In conclusions , Bosco test result have suggested in that it was an effective evaluation of physical fitness index was shown as a measurement and evaluation physical fitness characteristics as ski performance event results of an Alpine ski athlete.

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The study was aimed to clarify the relationship between the laboratory fitness test for junior alpine ski racers and the field test which is recently reported by Takeda et al.（ 2021）, and to suggest ideal fitness test to estimate skiing performance for junior alpine ski racers. Twelve male and eight female junior high school athletes participated in this study. For the laboratory test, the vertical jump, the isokinetic knee extension strength, the maximal anaerobic power test, the bending jump test, the hexagonal jump test, the hexagonal obstacle jump test, the Wingate 40s test, the high box 90s test（ HB90）, maximal oxygen consumption （MOC）, and the standing trunk flexion in laboratory （ Stand-T-Fl-Lab） were measured. As for skiing performance, both of slalom（ SL） and giant slalom（ GS） seasonal points provided by the International Ski Federation（ FIS） and the Ski Association of Japan（ SAJ） were measured. To clarify the correlation between the laboratory test and field test, the field test data were reported by Takeda et al.（ 2021） were used. To clarify a relationship between the laboratory test and the field test, and skiing performance with the laboratory test, Pearson's correlation coefficient was tested. As a result, the HB90, MOC and Stand-T-Fl-Lab test were correlated with High box jump test 60s （HB60）, 20-m Shuttle run and Standing trunk flexion in both sexes, respectively. The other correlations between the laboratory test and the field test reported by Takeda et al.（ 2021） were observed, however, different between the sexes. The Figure eight running and HB60 reported by Takeda et al. （ 2021） were correlated to SL for males and the One leg lateral hopping test reported by Takeda et al.（ 2021） and MOC were correlated to both SL and GS for females.

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Alpine skiers require both aerobic and anaerobic capacity particularly for knee extension and flexion muscle strength. As for most all athletes, lactic acid removal is of utmost importance. In past studies, athletes from various disciplines have had their anaerobic power test measured using the power max VⅡ, but these studies were limited to only three parameters: body weight per peak power（watt/kg）；peak revolution（rpm）；and peak weight load（kp）．However, the data generated was not very useful for elucidating discipline specific characteristics. With that in mind, we felt it necessary to search for more meaningful parameters that could possibly distinguish between speed and strength type muscle power and their relative contributions for peak performance in a range of disciplines. We studied such parameters in alpine skiers and found that they do indeed provide extremely useful data that can be used to better fine tune their training regimen. This study consisted of 97 subjects in three categories: ALP; 32 alpine skiers, XC; 39 cross-country skiers, and a control group of 28 fit but not athletically competitive adults. The average max power outputs for each group were as follows: ALP group 14.8±1.5watt, XC group 13.9±1.4watt, CONT group 13.1±1.5; anoxia values for the power tests anoxia characteristics are not shown as the results are obvious（ALP＞XC＞CONT）． The observed strength to speed ratios varied significantly among the three groups: ALP＞XC＞CONT, with only the CONT ratio being below 1. This suggests that for alpine skiers the best training regimen should focus heavily on developing power in strength type muscles.

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As a basic study to realize a ski-robot in a straight downhill skiing, a posture control scheme of a two-link ski-robot is considerd in detail. First of all, we investigate vestigate about ski-robot moving on the slope approximated to two-dimension and derived the state variable equation of two-link ski-robot as minimum links, using Lagrange's equation. For the two-link ski-robot in the straight downhill, it is favorable to build up servo system which has excellent response characteristics for controlling and stabilizing. In this study, an optimal feedback control is applied to servo system of the two-link ski-robot in the stable skiing. In the stable straight downhill skiing, the center of gravity determined by the posture will be existed to a balancing position in dynamically. A simple method, by the use of a pendulum, is proposed for detecting the balancing position for the center of gravity. Furthermore, an experimental system is constructed by using a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) in the control circuit.
We show the two-link ski-robot applying the optimal feedback control has the cexcellent performance confirmed by simulation and experiment. It is clarifided that the method by use of the simple pendulum is valid for detecting the stable position for the center of gravity.

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