- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Keio University, Faculty of Economics, Faculty Memberadd
- History of Psychiatry, History of Medicine, Social History of Medicine, History of Medicine and the Body, History of the Body, History of Science and Technology, and 4 moreHistory Of Madness And Psychiatry, History of Public Health, Medical History, and History of Medicine in Medieval and Early Modern Europeedit
- PhD, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, University of London (1992) MA, Area Studies, University of Toky... morePhD, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, University of London (1992)
MA, Area Studies, University of Tokyo (1988)
BA, History and Philosophy of Science, University of Tokyo (1986)edit
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Research Interests: Mythology, Art, Creativity, History of Medicine, Consumption, and 15 moreLiterature and Medicine, Medical Humanities, Metaphor, Medicine, History of Medicine and the Body, Beauty, Disease, Historical Studies, Good Death, Beautiful Death, Gender and Disease, Cultural History X, Richardson Clarissa Smollett Keats, Johns Hopkins University, and consumption sociology
A summary of works on the history of anatomy and the medical use of the dead body in Europe c.1500-c.1850
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An essay which introduced a workshop at Keio University which discussed medicine and literature.
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This paper is historical overview of clinical education at the hospitals. It covers the period from the early Medieval Period to the Eighteenth Century
A preliminary study of the experience of patients of a mental hospital in Tokyo in the earlier half of the 20c. Analyses of the length of stay and therapies, particularly striking differences between the private and public patients.
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This paper discusses the patient at Ohji Brain Hospital in Tokyo between c.1925-1945, focusing on the demography and the length of stay and the use of therapeutics.
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These papers introduce topics which intersects the history of medicine and English literature. Topics are: narrative; pain; literature in medical text; stories of illness by patients; epidemics; somatization of medical concepts.
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A book review of the special issue of Gesnerus
日本は世界有数の地震大国である。一年に約 5,000 回の地震がおき、人々は一週間に一回くらいの頻度で地震を経験し、数年から数十年に一度は非常に強い地震が起きている。そのような地震の中でも、現在の日本の記憶に色濃く残っているのは、1995 年１月17 日に起きた阪神・淡路大震災と、2011 年３月11 日に起きた東日本大震災などであり、これらの大地震とそれが残した深い傷をめぐる複雑な思いとともに、多くの日本人は生きている。 1923... more
日本は世界有数の地震大国である。一年に約 5,000 回の地震がおき、人々は一週間に一回くらいの頻度で地震を経験し、数年から数十年に一度は非常に強い地震が起きている。そのような地震の中でも、現在の日本の記憶に色濃く残っているのは、1995 年１月17 日に起きた阪神・淡路大震災と、2011 年３月11 日に起きた東日本大震災などであり、これらの大地震とそれが残した深い傷をめぐる複雑な思いとともに、多くの日本人は生きている。 1923 年に起きた関東大震災も、それらと同じような大震災であった。死者数の点だけで言えば10 万人を超え、阪神や東日本の大震災を超えていた。そして、関東大震災の被害は、その年代の東京にふさわしい特徴を持っていた。東京が急速に近代都市になる変化、朝鮮人・中国人への敵意と虐殺にあらわれた人々のゆがみ、これらの問題については、すでに多くの優れた書物があらわれている。 これまであまり研究されていないのは、関東大震災で負傷した非常に多くの人々が、どのような医療を受けたのかという問題である。もちろん軍隊や日本赤十字社などが、濃尾地震（1891）や明治三陸地震（1896）で活躍したように、関東大震災でも活躍したことは知られている。しかし、東京帝国大学医学部も、関東大震災の医療に参加しており、その記録がカルテの形で残されていることはあまり知られていない。 このたび、東京大学医学部の健康と医学の博物館、同医学部附属病院旧第二外科学教室（現 肝胆膵外科、心臓外科、呼吸器外科）のご協力を得て、その時期のカルテなどの一部を読むことができた。このカルテは患者の被災時の語りを医師が記録した患者自身の震災の経験や、ほとんどがドイツ語で書かれた医師の観察などが記された豊かな史料である。この史料を読んで、大震災、東京、医師、患者、カルテ、ドイツ語などの重層的な問題に取り組みたい。
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This paper explores domestic dynamics in the complex making of institutional psychiatry in Japan in c. 1920-45. It mainly examines gender issues between the relatively long-lasting system of the family care of mentally ill members and the... more
This paper explores domestic dynamics in the complex making of institutional psychiatry in Japan in c. 1920-45. It mainly examines gender issues between the relatively long-lasting system of the family care of mentally ill members and the use of freshly introduced systems of psychiatric hospitals. I shall look at the record of Ohji Brain Hospital (1901-45) in Tokyo, which has several thousands of case histories mainly in Tokyo c. 1920-45. From the analysis of the cases of male and female patients, as well as the complex situations of their households and kin groups, I shall look at the gender issues in the making of the psychiatric hospital regime.
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During the first half of the twentieth century, Western psychiatry was quickly absorbed in Japan, particularly the versions from Germany and Austria. By 1940, over 130 psychiatric hospitals were caring for approximately thirty thousand... more
During the first half of the twentieth century, Western psychiatry was quickly absorbed in Japan, particularly the versions from Germany and Austria. By 1940, over 130 psychiatric hospitals were caring for approximately thirty thousand patients in cities, while in rural areas about sixty thousand people still depended on family members for care. Japan's empire expanded during this same period, and many immigrants came to the country. Growth in immigration from Korea was particularly important. Korean immigrants encountered Japanese psychiatric hospitals during the second quarter of the twentieth century, and this paper examines the complex nature of their hospital stays.
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Nagayo Matarō (1878–1941) was one of Japan’s elite medical professors in the first half of the twentieth century, his father having been one of the founders of Western medical administration and education. Nagayowas a student of pathology... more
Nagayo Matarō (1878–1941) was one of Japan’s elite medical professors in the first half of the twentieth century, his father having been one of the founders of Western medical administration and education. Nagayowas a student of pathology at the Imperial University of Tokyo under Yamagiwa Katsusaburō (1863–1930), the great pathologist who first demonstrated carcinogenesis. After studying in Heidelberg, Nagayo became a professor at the University of Tokyo, dean of the Medical Faculty, and finally chancellor of the Imperial University of Tokyo from 1934 to 1938. Busts of Nagayo were sculpted twice—in 1934 and 1937—by Hinago Jitsuzō (1892–1945), Japan’s leading sculptor. Today, the 1937 bust of Nagayo welcomes visitors into the Medicine galleries of Intermediatheque, a public facility operated by Japan Post and the University Museum of the University of Tokyo, situated close to Tokyo Station. The bust is elegant, with an academic air and a bright patina (Fig. 1). But this is actually a substitute, because the original has been damaged over the decades and, in fact, possessed a different color. The present-day curators have created something which looks like the original and which is not even a restoration but simply a different object, a “fake.” Just like with Da Vinci’s Last Supper, you meet a restored and/or faked bust at the Intermediatheque. On the cover, you witness a new and original mixture of busts in the past and the present. Another dimension is that there exists an almost identical but still undiscovered bust, which should be identical in shape to the restored bust at Intermediatheque. This is a bronze bust, while the museum bust is of cement (a fashionable material around that time). The duality of the material was due to the political situation in the 1940s. The Asia-Pacific War created a serious shortage of metal for the war effort, and the government asked both individuals and institutions to donate metal to the military through the Revised Metal Collection Act (1943). The University of Tokyo was asked to hand over bronze busts of eminent professors. Nagayo’s was one such, and there was a series of discussions between the university and the government. We do not know how the story ended. Some have guessed that the bronze was taken to the government and the cement bust cast as a substitute, but this is somewhat unlikely. The bronze bust
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Osamu Kanamori (金森修) authored sixteen books which examined science from the perspectives of various metalevels. His monographs and other publications represent various genres of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: history... more
Osamu Kanamori (金森修) authored sixteen books which examined science from the perspectives of various metalevels. His monographs and other publications represent various genres of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: history of science, intellectual history of scientific ideas, French epistemology of science, bioethics, and STS. Readers of his works might have formed an impression of Kanamori as a scholar of rational discipline, a positivist who examined data, and a logical narrator of analyses; they may take Kanamori essentially as a scholar of philosophy of science in Japan and the English-speaking world. And some of Kanamori’s works are indeed overtly academic publications, with somewhat stark colors chosen for their covers—green, blue, grey. Archeology of the Scientific Thinking (2004), Naturalism and Its Discontents (2004), and an edited volume of A History of Scientific Ideas (2010) are works which give such a scholarly impression, confirming the rigid, dry, clever image of Kanamori as every inch the scholar. This impression is easily upended, however. If a reader takes Kanamori’s works in his or her hand, looks at their contents, and reads just one interesting chapter, he or she starts to gain a very different—in fact, a practically opposite—image of Kanamori. Instead of rigidity, asceticism, or positivist approaches which often go with stereotypical philosophy of science (and other conventional disciplines in the humanities), Kanamori offers us unique and active scholarship. He does not simply set down large amounts of information, which is valuable but can be naive and trite; instead, he presents his own curiosity in interesting quotes (which are stylistically housed within strangely shaped parentheses) and developments into his own original meanings and new interpretations.
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This chapter will argue that Victorian labouring men in London who were sent to the Middlesex County Asylum at Hanwell during 1845–50 suffered from intense fear of poverty and deep anxiety about their economic future. Such fear and... more
This chapter will argue that Victorian labouring men in London who were sent to the Middlesex County Asylum at Hanwell during 1845–50 suffered from intense fear of poverty and deep anxiety about their economic future. Such fear and anxiety were not given prominent place in the writings of middle-class social commentators or psychiatric authors at that time, but were reported by the patients’ families to be the major cause of each man’s insanity. I suggest that these fears and anxieties were the psychological price of the new working-class respectability and the concomitant notion of manhood.
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ABSTRACT
Dans cet article, l'auteur se propose d'examiner d'abord la tentative de creation d'une medecine sans la problematique de l'âme humaine. La premiere partie montre comment certains ont essaye d'etablir une certitude... more
Dans cet article, l'auteur se propose d'examiner d'abord la tentative de creation d'une medecine sans la problematique de l'âme humaine. La premiere partie montre comment certains ont essaye d'etablir une certitude infaillible en medecine et decrit comment ils se sont lances dans un programme de recherche si ambitieux. La deuxieme partie traite de l'exclusion de l'esprit, de l'âme, du royaume de la connaissance medicale, et de l'affirmation clamant que le corps pur est le seul objet valable pour une examination medicale. La troisieme partie se concentre sur la redefinition des troubles psychiques tels que l'obsession et la melancolie.
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Research Interests: Art, History of Medicine, Consumption, Literature and Medicine, Medical Humanities, and 11 moreMedicine, History of Medicine and the Body, Sterne, Tuberculosis, Historical Studies, Good Death, Beautiful Death, Gender and Disease, Cultural History X, Richardson Clarissa Smollett Keats, and Johns Hopkins University
L'A. montre que la psychologie medicale du XVIII e siecle, fondee sur des principes ideologiques et socio-culturels, est opposee a la psychologie de Locke
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Abstract From the 1920s and 1930s, discussion of asymptomatic carriers started to appear in Japan and quickly became well established. Two important frameworks here were public health and laboratory experiment. Japanese public health... more
Abstract From the 1920s and 1930s, discussion of asymptomatic carriers started to appear in Japan and quickly became well established. Two important frameworks here were public health and laboratory experiment. Japanese public health policies existed in theory, isolating asymptomatic carriers within their own family to prevent infection of others. These theoretical policies did not, however, attract great attention either from doctors, carriers, or family members. The crucial aspect in Japan was laboratory experiment. Japanese doctors concentrated on experimenting with animals as carriers of typhoid and other asymptomatic infections, trying to incorporate the latest theories of life and death taken from physiology. One reason for the relative neglect of the public health and isolation policy was the ongoing presence of a large number of patients with such diseases; another was the prestige of the laboratory as intellectual authority among well-trained doctors.
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ABSTRACT
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“Family, the State and the Insane in Japan 1900-1945” in Roy Porter and David Wright eds., Psychiatric Confinement in International Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 193-225.
Osamu Kanamori (1954–2016) was a prolific author of science and technology studies in Japan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He represented many new directions, which he originally learned from France, the United... more
Osamu Kanamori (1954–2016) was a prolific author of science and technology studies in Japan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He represented many new directions, which he originally learned from France, the United States, and Japan. He influenced histories of scientific ideas and STS in Japan and East Asia. Around the same period, a new history of medicine in modern Japan started to take off. Many historical studies of modern medicine in Japan are published in English. This special issue tries to examine the relationship between Kanamori’s works and Japanese medical historians and medical sociologists. After extensively reviewing and summarizing the variety of themes and genres within the works of Kanamori, these four papers will discuss four topics of medical technology, infectious diseases, psychiatric war pensions, and bioethical sci-fi works which have all been inspired by the works of Kanamori. This special issue explores the extensive works of Kanamori and the new history of medicine in Japan and argues that the new history of medicine in the near future becomes a core academic discipline within the relationship of the philosophical discussion of medicine in society and culture.
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Osamu Kanamori (1954-2016) was a prolific author of science and technology studies in Japan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He represented many new directions, which he originally learned from France, the United... more
Osamu Kanamori (1954-2016) was a prolific author of science and technology studies in Japan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He represented many new directions, which he originally learned from France, the United States, and Japan. He influenced histories of scientific ideas and STS in Japan and East Asia. Around the same period, a new history of medicine in modern Japan started to take off. Many historical studies of modern medicine in Japan are published in English. This special issue tries to examine the relationship between Kanamori's works and Japanese medical historians and medical sociologists. After extensively reviewing and summarizing the variety of themes and genres within the works of Kanamori, these four papers will discuss four topics of medical technology , infectious diseases, psychiatric war pensions, and bioethical sci-fi works which have all been inspired by the works of Kanamori. This special issue explores the extensive works of Kanamori and the new history of medicine in Japan and argues that the new history of medicine in the near future becomes a core academic discipline within the relationship of the philosophical discussion of medicine in society and culture. Keywords history of medicine ▪ bioethics ▪ technology ▪ public health ▪ PTSD ▪ sci-fi When Osamu Kanamori (1954-2016) passed away in 2016, scholars of many disciplines , such as historians of science, historians of technology, sociologists of sciences, STS scholars, and perhaps those in many other fields, were shocked by the sense of losing such an enormously productive scholar. Kanamori was indeed prolific. He published sixteen monographs, edited, coedited, and coauthored thirteen books, and wrote numerous articles, papers, and essays which take about twenty pages in the list of
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From the 1920s and 1930s, discussion of asymptomatic carriers started to appear in Japan and quickly became well established. Two important frameworks here were public health and laboratory experiment. Japanese public health policies... more
From the 1920s and 1930s, discussion of asymptomatic carriers started to appear in Japan and quickly became well established. Two important frameworks here were public health and laboratory experiment. Japanese public health policies existed in theory, isolating asymptomatic carriers within their own family to prevent infection of others. These theoretical policies did not, however, attract great attention either from doctors, carriers, or family members. The crucial aspect in Japan was laboratory experiment. Japanese doctors concentrated on experimenting with animals as carriers of typhoid and other asymptomatic infections, trying to incorporate the latest theories of life and death taken from physiology. One reason for the relative neglect of the public health and isolation policy was the ongoing presence of a large number of patients with such diseases; another was the prestige of the laboratory as intellectual authority among well-trained doctors.
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“Psychiatric Surveys and Eugenics in the Family and Community in Japan”. in Zentrum und Peripherie in der Geschichte der Psychiatrie, edited by Thomas Mueller (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017), 189-201.
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“Voices of Madness in Japan: Narrative Devices at the Psychiatric Bedside and the Modern Literature”, The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health, edited by Greg Eghigian (London: Routledge, 2017), 245-260.
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Comparison of the mortalities in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
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Book Review of Takaaki Inuzuka, Alexander Williamson: A Victorian Chemist and the Making of Modern Japan
藤本大士君の『医学とキリスト教』を『科学史研究』62巻(2023) で書評しました。
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Book Review of Ayaka Ishihara, Moulage in Japan
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A review of an edited volume on the history of Unit 731 and its biological warfare in China during WWII.
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Sonia Shah's work on the history of malaria has been translated into Japanese. I have reviewed the work for a review paper in Japan, Weekly Reader [Shukan Dokushojin]
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Isis vol.114, number 1, March 2023
Book Review of Susan Burns, Kingdom of the Sick: A History of Leprosy and Japan (Honolulu: University of Hawai’I Press), in Asian Medicine, 16:2 (2021), 367-369.
Book Review of Laurence Monnais and David Wright eds., Doctors Beyond Borders. The Transnational Migration of Physicians in the Twentieth Century (2018).
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Published in History of Psychiatry, 7(1996), 472-3.
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PPT of the paper read at Seiyoshi Gakkai on 21 May 2017.
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Material for the comment on Rikkyo History Society 24 June 2017.
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My English works
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Discusses the use of English for higher education
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A PPT of the paper given at Seiyoshi Conference on 21 May 2017
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「昭和戦前期⽇本の精神病院におけるアメリカ系の分析医と患者」
「精神分析史と⼈⽂科学」シンポジウム、京都⼤学百周年時計台記念館、2023.09.16
「精神分析史と⼈⽂科学」シンポジウム、京都⼤学百周年時計台記念館、2023.09.16