jako

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See also: Jako, jakò, Jáko, jakō, and Jâko

English[edit]

A jako.

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

jako (plural jakos)

  1. An African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, commonly kept as a cage bird.
    • 1878, Jules Verne, Dick Sand: A Captain at Fifteen:
      Of parrots, little Jack only saw ash-gray jakos, with red tails, which abounded under the trees. But these jakos were not new to him.
    • 1882, Rev. P. B. Power, The Home Visitor and District Companion:
      Very little is known of these birds in their wild state, although they are brought to Europe in far greater numbers than any other species. We learn from Henglin that the habitat of the Jako extends from the western coast of Africa deep into the heart of that continent […]
    • 1908, Chandler Belden Beach, The Students' Reference Work:
      The Jako, or gray parrot of Africa, has the capacity for speaking best developed, and the yellow-headed green parrot of Mexico stands second in the list.

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech jako, from Proto-Slavic *jako.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈjako]
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ako

Adverb[edit]

jako

  1. as
  2. like

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • jako in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • jako in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • jako in Internetová jazyková příručka

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from German Jacke.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈjako]
  • Rhymes: -ako
  • Hyphenation: ja‧ko

Noun[edit]

jako (accusative singular jakon, plural jakoj, accusative plural jakojn)

  1. jacket, coat

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *jako. Equivalent to jakaa (“to divide, distribute, share”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑko/, [ˈjɑ̝ko̞]
  • Rhymes: -ɑko
  • Syllabification(key): ja‧ko

Noun[edit]

jako

  1. division, distribution, sharing, dealing (an act of division etc.)
  2. division, distribution, sharing, dealing (the result of a division etc.)
  3. count-off (the act of splitting a group of persons into a number N of smaller groups by having them call out, one by one, the numbers one through N and again until everyone has a number; also as an interjection ordering a group to do so)
    Jako kolmeen! ― Count off one through three!
  4. share, part
  5. pitch; graduation (distance between evenly spaced objects, such as on a roller chain, or the markings on a measuring instrument)
  6. (colloquial) chance (also in plural)
    Suomella ei ollut mitään jakoa pelissä Saksaa vastaan.
    Finland didn't stand a chance in the match against Germany.

Declension[edit]

Inflection of jako (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation)
nominative jako jaot
genitive jaon jakojen
partitive jakoa jakoja
illative jakoon jakoihin
singular plural
nominative jako jaot
accusative nom. jako jaot
gen. jaon
genitive jaon jakojen
partitive jakoa jakoja
inessive jaossa jaoissa
elative jaosta jaoista
illative jakoon jakoihin
adessive jaolla jaoilla
ablative jaolta jaoilta
allative jaolle jaoille
essive jakona jakoina
translative jaoksi jaoiksi
abessive jaotta jaoitta
instructive — jaoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of jako (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative jakoni jakoni
accusative nom. jakoni jakoni
gen. jakoni
genitive jakoni jakojeni
partitive jakoani jakojani
inessive jaossani jaoissani
elative jaostani jaoistani
illative jakooni jakoihini
adessive jaollani jaoillani
ablative jaoltani jaoiltani
allative jaolleni jaoilleni
essive jakonani jakoinani
translative jaokseni jaoikseni
abessive jaottani jaoittani
instructive — —
comitative — jakoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative jakosi jakosi
accusative nom. jakosi jakosi
gen. jakosi
genitive jakosi jakojesi
partitive jakoasi jakojasi
inessive jaossasi jaoissasi
elative jaostasi jaoistasi
illative jakoosi jakoihisi
adessive jaollasi jaoillasi
ablative jaoltasi jaoiltasi
allative jaollesi jaoillesi
essive jakonasi jakoinasi
translative jaoksesi jaoiksesi
abessive jaottasi jaoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — jakoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative jakomme jakomme
accusative nom. jakomme jakomme
gen. jakomme
genitive jakomme jakojemme
partitive jakoamme jakojamme
inessive jaossamme jaoissamme
elative jaostamme jaoistamme
illative jakoomme jakoihimme
adessive jaollamme jaoillamme
ablative jaoltamme jaoiltamme
allative jaollemme jaoillemme
essive jakonamme jakoinamme
translative jaoksemme jaoiksemme
abessive jaottamme jaoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — jakoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative jakonne jakonne
accusative nom. jakonne jakonne
gen. jakonne
genitive jakonne jakojenne
partitive jakoanne jakojanne
inessive jaossanne jaoissanne
elative jaostanne jaoistanne
illative jakoonne jakoihinne
adessive jaollanne jaoillanne
ablative jaoltanne jaoiltanne
allative jaollenne jaoillenne
essive jakonanne jakoinanne
translative jaoksenne jaoiksenne
abessive jaottanne jaoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — jakoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative jakonsa jakonsa
accusative nom. jakonsa jakonsa
gen. jakonsa
genitive jakonsa jakojensa
partitive jakoaan
jakoansa 		jakojaan
jakojansa
inessive jaossaan
jaossansa 		jaoissaan
jaoissansa
elative jaostaan
jaostansa 		jaoistaan
jaoistansa
illative jakoonsa jakoihinsa
adessive jaollaan
jaollansa 		jaoillaan
jaoillansa
ablative jaoltaan
jaoltansa 		jaoiltaan
jaoiltansa
allative jaolleen
jaollensa 		jaoilleen
jaoillensa
essive jakonaan
jakonansa 		jakoinaan
jakoinansa
translative jaokseen
jaoksensa 		jaoikseen
jaoiksensa
abessive jaottaan
jaottansa 		jaoittaan
jaoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — jakoineen
jakoinensa

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Modern and unofficial back-formation from jaketo. Also found in German Jacke, Italian giacca.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈʒako/, /ˈd͡ʒako/

Noun[edit]

jako (plural jaki)

  1. jacket (long woman’s)

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *jako, equivalent to jakkaa (“to divide”) +‎ -o. Cognates include Finnish jako and Estonian jagu.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

jako

  1. part, share
  2. distribution, sharing

Declension[edit]

Declension of jako (type 4/koivu, k- gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative jako jaot
genitive jaon jakkoin, jakoloin
partitive jakkoa jakoja, jakoloja
illative jakkoo jakkoi, jakoloihe
inessive jaos jaois, jakolois
elative jaost jaoist, jakoloist
allative jaolle jaoille, jakoloille
adessive jaol jaoil, jakoloil
ablative jaolt jaoilt, jakoloilt
translative jaoks jaoiks, jakoloiks
essive jakonna, jakkoon jakoinna, jakoloinna, jakkoin, jakoloin
exessive1) jakont jakoint, jakoloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 99

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

jako

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じゃこ

Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

jako

  1. common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
    Synonym: jako iñu

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Aguilar Feria, Martimiana, García Rojas, Vicente, Erickson de Hollenbach, Elena (2017) Diccionario mixteco de Magdalena Peñasco (Saꞌan Ñuu Savi) (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 50)‎[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 53

Old Czech[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

Adverb[edit]

jako

  1. Interrogative or relative adverb; how (in what way)
  2. Interrogative or relative adverb; how many
  3. Marks degree; as; so
  4. Relative adverb; thus, like so
  5. Marks comparison; than
  6. Marks role; as
  7. almost
  8. somewhat (to some degree)

Conjunction[edit]

jako

  1. Correlative; as, how, at that time
  2. Marks time; since
  3. Contrastive; however
  4. Causitive; because
  5. Conditional; if; when
  6. albeit
  7. Denotes desired result; such, so; in order to

Descendants[edit]

  • Czech: jako

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /jakɔ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /jakɔ/

Pronoun[edit]

jako

  1. interrogative or relative adverb; how, in what way
  2. introduces a relative question; how
  3. comparative adverbal pronoun; as
  4. denotes equality between two things; as
  5. specifying pronoun; as
  6. emphacizing pronoun
  7. introduces a relative clause of degree; how, how much
  8. introduces a relative clause; that
  9. introduces relative temporal clause; when
  10. denotes cause; because
  11. introduces a conditional; if
  12. namely, that is; for example
  13. denotes indeterminate manner; in some way

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jako.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

jako

  1. as (in the role of; by way of) [+nominative]

Conjunction[edit]

jako

  1. as (being, acting as)
  2. as (during the time when)
    Synonyms: gdy, kiedy

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jako is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 151 times in scientific texts, 69 times in news, 131 times in essays, 58 times in fiction, and 38 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 447 times, making it the 103rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jako”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 160

Further reading[edit]

  • jako in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • jako in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jako, jak, jeko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Aleksandra Wieczorek (05.04.2020) “JAKO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jako”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[4]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jako”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[5]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jako”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[6] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 129
  • jako in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako. By surface analysis, jȃk (“strong”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /jâːko/
  • Hyphenation: ja‧ko

Adverb[edit]

jȃko (Cyrillic spelling ја̑ко)

  1. very, very much, really
    Ako te jako zanima što se dogodilo, ispričat ću ti. ― If you're very interested in what happened, I'll tell you.
  2. seriously, gravely, deeply
    Djeca se često poskliznu i padnu kad uče hodati, ali se rijetko jako ozlijede. ― Children often slip and fall when they are learning to walk, but they rarely seriously injure themselves.
  3. hard, severely, strongly, forcefully (with a great deal of effort or force)
    Auto je skrenuo jako udesno te skliznuo sa ceste. ― Car turned hard to the right and skidded off the road.
    U nekim borilačkim sportovima, prejako udaranje suparnika može rezultirati diskvalificiranjem. ― In some martial arts, hitting the opponent too hard can result in disqualification.

Adjective[edit]

jako

  1. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular of jak

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jako.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈjakɔ/
  • Rhymes: -akɔ
  • Syllabification: ja‧ko

Pronoun[edit]

jako

  1. Alternative form of jak

Preposition[edit]

jako

  1. as (in the role of; by way of) [+nominative]

Further reading[edit]

  • jako in dykcjonorz.eu
  • jako in silling.org

Votic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *jako.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈjɑko/, [ˈʝɑko]
  • Rhymes: -ɑko
  • Hyphenation: ja‧ko

Noun[edit]

jako

  1. part, share
  2. dealing, division, doling

Inflection[edit]

Declension of jako (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation)
singular plural
nominative jako jagod
genitive jago jakojõ, jakoi
partitive jakkoa jakoitõ, jakoi
illative jakkosõ, jakko jakoisõ
inessive jagoz jakoiz
elative jagossõ jakoissõ
allative jagolõ jakoilõ
adessive jagollõ jakoillõ
ablative jagoltõ jakoiltõ
translative jagossi jakoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References[edit]

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “jako”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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