ad-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  2. (no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb.
    accouple, admarginate, admixture, attune
  4. Near, close to, adjacent.
    adaxonal, addental, admedial
  6. Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body.
    adapical, adfluvial, adgerminal
  8. (no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally.
    acclaim, adsignification, adspection
  10. Along, alongside.
    admarginal, adnervular, adstratum
  12. Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side.
    adfix, adposition, affix
  14. Modifying.
    adnominal, adverb, assoil
  16. Atop or above in position.
    adatom, adcumulate, aggrade

Derived terms[edit]

English terms prefixed with ad-
terms derived from doing
terms derived from near
terms derived from towards
terms derived from intensifying
terms derived from along
terms derived from appending
terms derived from modifying
terms derived from atop

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. ad-

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
    portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)
    ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)

Derived terms[edit]

Ido terms prefixed with ad-

Latin[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

For euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming: a- (before sc, sp, st, and sometimes gn), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.

Etymology[edit]

From the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. to
  2. usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action

See also[edit]

Latin terms prefixed with ad-

Lushootseed[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. your (singular)

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. to, towards
  2. in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
  3. augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
    ‎con·birt (“you conceived”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)
    ‎con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)
    ‎·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ‎ad- → ‎·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)
    ‎con·gab (“it contained”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)
    ‎*·cotla + ‎ad- → ‎·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))

Usage notes[edit]

  • ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
  • In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.

Derived terms[edit]

Old Irish terms prefixed with ad-

Descendants[edit]

  • Irish: a- (no longer productive)

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ad- unchanged n-ad-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. ad- (near; at)

Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. again, back, re-
    Synonym: ail-
    ‎ad- + ‎llais (“voice”) → ‎adlais (“echo”)
    ‎ad- + ‎talu (“to pay”) → ‎ad-dalu (“to refund”)
    ‎ad- + ‎blas (“taste”) → ‎adflas (“aftertaste”)
  2. affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
    ‎ad- + ‎cas (“hated, nasty”) → ‎atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

Derived terms[edit]

Welsh terms prefixed with ad-

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ad- unchanged unchanged had-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
  2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)

Ye'kwana[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ad-

  1. (Cunucunuma River dialect) Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e.

Inflection[edit]

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above
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