4-(p-クロロフェニル)-2-(1,3-ジオキソ-1H-イソインドール-2-イル)-5-チアゾール酢酸メチル
EFT
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2019/08/27 13:58 UTC 版)
EFT（Emotional Freedom Techniques）は、中国医学の鍼治療、神経言語プログラミング、エネルギー療法、中国医学・アプライドキネシオロジーを取り入れた思考場療法（TFT）などの代替医学・民間セラピー・自己啓発法の様々な理論を取り入れた非主流科学のセラピー、カウンセリングの介入の一形態である[1]。鍼治療で鍼を刺す経穴をタッピングして行う。Gary Craigが1990年代後半に出版した EFT Handbook や、支持者たちによる様々な書籍やワークショップで知られている。EFTや同様のテクニックは、しばしば「エネルギー心理学」のひとつとして議論されている。日本では、エモーショナル・フリーダム・テクニック、感情解放テクニック、などと称する文献がある。
- ^ a b c Craig, G (nd) (PDF). EFT Manual 2011年5月3日閲覧。.
- ^ a b Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Garofalo, Ariele (1 January 2006). “Discredited psychological treatments and tests: A Delphi poll.”. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 37 (5): 515–522. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.37.5.515.
- ^ a b Lilienfeld, Scott O. (2003). Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology (Paperback ed.). New York [u.a.]: Guilford Press. pp. 2. ISBN 1-57230-828-1.
- ^ a b Semple, David (2013). Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 393. ISBN 978-0-19-969388-7.
- ^ a b c d Bakker, Gary M. (November 2013). “The current status of energy psychology: Extraordinary claims with less than ordinary evidence”. Clinical Psychologist 17 (3): 91–99. doi:10.1111/cp.12020.
- ^ a b c Clond M (May 2016). “Emotional Freedom Techniques for Anxiety: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis”. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. (5): 388–95. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000483. PMID 26894319.
- ^ a b Nelms JA, Castel L (2016). “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials of Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for the Treatment of Depression”. Explore (NY) (6): 416–426. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.001. PMID 27843054.
- ^ a b Sebastian B, Nelms J (2017). “The Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis”. Explore (NY) (1): 16–25. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.10.001. PMID 27889444.
- ^ a b Church, Dawson; Stapleton, Peta; Yang, Amy; Gallo, Fred (2018). “Is Tapping on Acupuncture Points an Active Ingredient in Emotional Freedom Techniques? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies”. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 206 (10): 783–793. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000878. PMID 30273275. "These findings, whether including or excluding the study with the weaker design, indicate that the full EFT protocol has a stronger effect than the protocols that substituted acupoint tapping with an active control."
- ^ Feinstein, D (2008). “Energy Psychology: A Review of the Preliminary Evidence”. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45 (2): 199–213. ISSN 0033-3204.
- ^ a b c Brandon A. Gaudiano and James D. Herbert (2000). “Can we really tap our problems away?”. Skeptical Inquirer 24 (4).
- ^ “Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)”. The Skeptic's Dictionary (2015年11月). 2019年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ Barrett, Stephen (2003年7月). “Mental Help: Procedures to Avoid”. Quackwatch. 2-19-8-1閲覧。
- ^ Felix Mannによれば、「（前略）経穴は、酔っ払いが目の前に見る黒い点と同様に実在しない」(Mann F. Reinventing Acupuncture: A New Concept of Ancient Medicine. Butterworth Heinemann, London, 1996,14.) Matthew Bauer in Chinese Medicine Times, Vol 1 Issue 4 - Aug 2006, "The Final Days of Traditional Beliefs? - Part One"より引用。
- ^ Oliver Burkeman (2007年2月10日). “Help yourself”. The Guardian 2009年6月29日閲覧。
- ^ Feinstein, D (Jun 2008). “Energy psychology: A review of the preliminary evidence.”. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.) 45 (2): 199–213. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.199. PMID 22122417.
- ^ Pignotti, M; Thyer, B (Jun 2009). “Some comments on "Energy psychology: A review of the evidence": Premature conclusions based on incomplete evidence?”. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.) 46 (2): 257–61. doi:10.1037/a0016027. PMID 22122623.
- ^ McCaslin DL (June 2009). “A review of efficacy claims in energy psychology”. Psychotherapy (Chicago) 46 (2): 249–56. doi:10.1037/a0016025. PMID 22122622.
- ^ editors, Katherine van Wormer, Bruce A. Thyer, (2010). Evidence-based practice in the field of substance abuse : a book of readings. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage. p. 2. ISBN 1412975778.
- ^ Feinstein, David (December 2012). “Acupoint stimulation in treating psychological disorders: Evidence of efficacy”. Review of General Psychology 16 (4): 364–380. doi:10.1037/a0028602.
- ^ Feinstein, David (2018). “Energy psychology: Efficacy, speed, mechanisms”. EXPLORE. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2018.11.003. PMID 30718189.
- ^ Karatzias T, Power K, Brown K, et al. (2011-6). “A Controlled Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Two Psychological Therapies for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs. Emotional Freedom Techniques”. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 199 (6): 372–8. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31821cd262. PMID 21629014.
- ^ Rowe, JE (2005). “The Effects of EFT on Long-Term Psychological Symptoms”. Counseling and Clinical Psychology 2 (3): 104–111. ISSN 1545-4452.
- ^ Swingle P; Pulos; Swingle M (2005). “Psychological Neurophysiological Indicators of EFT Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress”. International Society for the study of Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine Journal 15 (1).
- ^ Brattberg G (2008). “Self-administered EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) in Individuals With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Trial”. Integrative Medicine 7 (4).
- ^ Church D; Geronilla L; Dinter I (2009). “Psychological symptom change in veterans after six sessions of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT): an observational study”. The International Journal of Healing and Caring 9 (1).
- ^ Daniel J. Benor, Karen Ledger, Loren Toussaint, Geoffrey Hett and Daniel Zaccaro (2009). “Pilot Study of Emotional Freedom Techniques, Wholistic Hybrid Derived From Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Emotional Freedom Technique, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Test Anxiety in University Students”. EXPLORE: the Journal of Science and Healing 5 (6): 338–340. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2009.08.001. PMID 19913760.
- ^ Wells S, Polglase K, Andrews H, Carrington P, Baker A (2003). “Evaluation of a meridian-based intervention, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), for reducing specific phobias of small animals”. J Clin Psychol 59 (9): 943–66. doi:10.1002/jclp.10189. PMID 12945061.
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