電荷密度波
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/03 10:24 UTC 版)
電荷密度波（でんかみつどは、英: charge density wave、略称: CDW）とは、物質内部の歪の波と電流を運ぶ電子の密度変化の波（粗密波）が同じ波長で一体となったものをいう。電流が一つの方向に流れやすいという性質を持つ「1次元性導体」の「1次元電子系」に特徴的な電子状態の一つである。ある温度（後述）以下では、1次元電子系はひとつの秩序状態として1次元方向に長く伸びたCDWを作る。具体的には、電流を担う多数の電子がそれぞれ自由に運動するのではなく、集団として電子密度の粗密波を作る。これは、導体を作っている原子・分子と1次元電子との相互作用によって生じるものである。原子・分子は規則的に配列し導体物質の結晶格子を構成しているが、電子系との相互作用の結果、この結晶格子に電子密度の波と同じ波長の歪の波が生じる。電子密度の波と格子歪の波が一体となった混成波状態がCDWである。[1][2]このときの波長は、後述するように電子の密度で決まる。
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