さんよう‐ちゅう〔サンエフ‐〕【三葉虫】
三葉虫
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/02/19 04:49 UTC 版)
三葉虫(さんようちゅう、英語: trilobite トライロバイト、学名: Trilobita)は、古生代にかけて生息した化石節足動物の分類群である。分類学上は三葉虫綱とされ、横で3部に分かれた硬い外骨格を背面にもつ。古生代を代表する海棲動物であり、冒頭のカンブリア紀から繁栄し、終焉のペルム紀末で絶滅した。2万2,000種以上が知られる多様なグループで化石も多産し[2]、示準化石としても重視される。
- ^ a b c Paterson, John R. (2020-01). “The trouble with trilobites: classification, phylogeny and the cryptogenesis problem” (英語). Geological Magazine 157 (1): 35–46. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000426. ISSN 0016-7568 .
- ^ a b c d Holmes, James D.; Budd, Graham E. (2022-11-04). “Reassessing a cryptic history of early trilobite evolution” (英語). Communications Biology 5 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-04146-6. ISSN 2399-3642 .
- ^ Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan C.; Sá, Artur A.; García-Bellido, Diego C.; Rábano, Isabel; Valério, Manuel (2009-05-01). “Giant trilobites and trilobite clusters from the Ordovician of Portugal”. Geology 37 (5): 443–446. doi:10.1130/G25513A.1. ISSN 0091-7613 .
- ^ a b Rudkin, David M.; Young, Graham A.; Elias, Robert J.; Dobrzanski, Edward P. (2003-01). “The world's biggest trilobite—Isotelus rex new species from the upper Ordovician of northern Manitoba, Canada” (英語). Journal of Paleontology 77 (1): 99–112. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0099:TWBTIR>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360 .
- ^ Fortey, Richard A.; Rushton, A. W. A. (1980). “Acanthopleurella Groom 1902: origin and life-habits of a miniature trilobite”. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 33: 79–89. ISSN 0007-1471 .
- ^ a b c d e f Hughes, N. C. (2003-02-01). “Trilobite Tagmosis and Body Patterning from Morphological and Developmental Perspectives” (英語). Integrative and Comparative Biology 43 (1): 185–206. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.185. ISSN 1540-7063 .
- ^ a b c d Hou, Xianguang. (1997). Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China. Bergström, Jan, 1938-. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. ISBN 82-00-37693-1. OCLC 38305908
- ^ a b Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. (2017-05-01). “Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head – A palaeobiological and developmental perspective” (英語). Arthropod Structure & Development 46 (3): 354–379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039 .
- ^ a b c 斉, 小泉 (1972). “阿武隈山地・高倉山層群(ペルム紀)のPhillipsiidae新属三葉虫”. 地球科学 26 (1): 19–25. doi:10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.26.1_19 .
- ^ “三葉虫 アカドパラドキシデス | 東北大学総合学術博物館”. www.museum.tohoku.ac.jp. 2022年4月15日閲覧。
- ^ a b Laibl, Lukáš; Esteve, Jorge; Fatka, Oldřich (2016-12-30). “Enrollment and thoracic morphology in paradoxidid trilobites from the Cambrian of the Czech Republic” (英語). Fossil Imprint 72 (3-4): 161–171. doi:10.14446/FI.2016.161. ISSN 2533-4069 .
- ^ Losso, Sarah R.; Affatato, Pauline; Nanglu, Karma; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2023-12-20). “Convergent evolution of ventral adaptations for enrolment in trilobites and extant euarthropods” (英語). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 290 (2013). doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2212. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC PMC10730288. PMID 38113938 .
- ^ a b c d Schoenemann, Brigitte (2021-03-01). “An overview on trilobite eyes and their functioning”. Arthropod Structure & Development 61: 101032. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101032. ISSN 1467-8039 .
- ^ サウスウッド 2007, p. 77.
- ^ a b c 鈴木, 雄太郎 (2002). “三葉虫 :研究の総説および多様性の変遷”. 化石 72: 21-38 .
- ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Fortey, Richard A. (2023-01). “A novel antennal form in trilobites” (英語). Journal of Paleontology 97 (1): 152–157. doi:10.1017/jpa.2022.59. ISSN 0022-3360 .
- ^ a b Losso, Sarah R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2022-08-01). “Claspers in the mid-Cambrian Olenoides serratus indicate horseshoe crab–like mating in trilobites” (英語). Geology 50 (8): 897–901. doi:10.1130/G49872.1. ISSN 0091-7613 .
- ^ “Epipodites or Epipods”. Center of 'Orsten' Research and Exploration. 2008年10月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年9月19日閲覧。
- ^ Hou, Jin-bo; Hughes, Nigel C.; Hopkins, Melanie J. (2021-04-02). “The trilobite upper limb branch is a well-developed gill” (英語). Science Advances 7 (14). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe7377. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC PMC8011964. PMID 33789898 .
- ^ Siveter, Derek J.; Fortey, Richard A.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2021-11). Zhang, Xi‐Guang. ed. “The first Silurian trilobite with three‐dimensionally preserved soft parts reveals novel appendage morphology” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 7 (4): 2245–2253. doi:10.1002/spp2.1401. ISSN 2056-2799 .
- ^ Hou, Jin-bo; Hughes, Nigel C.; Hopkins, Melanie J. (2023-05). “Gill grooming in middle Cambrian and Late Ordovician trilobites” (英語). Geological Magazine 160 (5): 905–910. doi:10.1017/S001675682300002X. ISSN 0016-7568 .
- ^ Hou, Jin-Bo; Hughes, Nigel C.; Hopkins, Melanie J.; Shu, Degan (2023-08). “Gill function in an early arthropod and the widespread adoption of the countercurrent exchange mechanism” (英語). Royal Society Open Science 10 (8). doi:10.1098/rsos.230341. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC PMC10427831. PMID 37593708 .
- ^ Ramsköld, L.; Edgecombe, G.D. (1996-01). “Trilobite appendage structure — Eoredlichia reconsidered” (英語). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 20 (4): 269–276. doi:10.1080/03115519608619471. ISSN 0311-5518 .
- ^ a b Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Holmes, James D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Losso, Sarah R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Wroe, Stephen; Paterson, John R. (2021-01-27). “Biomechanical analyses of Cambrian euarthropod limbs reveal their effectiveness in mastication and durophagy” (英語). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288 (1943): 20202075. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2075. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC PMC7893260. PMID 33499790 .
- ^ Whittington, H. B. (1997), “The Trilobite Body.”, in Kaesler, R. L., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida, Boulder, CO & Lawrence, KA: The Geological Society of America, Inc. & The University of Kansas, pp. 137–169, ISBN 978-0-8137-3115-5
- ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Hegna, Thomas A.; Olive, Sébastien (2011-06). “Inferring internal anatomy from the trilobite exoskeleton: the relationship between frontal auxiliary impressions and the digestive system” (英語). Lethaia 44 (2): 166–184. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00233.x. ISSN 0024-1164 .
- ^ Fatka, O.; Lerosey-Aubril, R.; Budil, P.; Rak, Š. (2012-12-06). “Fossilised guts in trilobites from the Upper Ordovician Letná Formation (Prague Basin, Czech Republic)”. Bulletin of Geosciences: 95–104. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1329. ISSN 1802-8225 .
- ^ a b Kraft, Petr; Vaškaninová, Valéria; Mergl, Michal; Budil, Petr; Fatka, Oldřich; Ahlberg, Per E. (2023-10). “Uniquely preserved gut contents illuminate trilobite palaeophysiology” (英語). Nature 622 (7983): 545–551. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06567-7. ISSN 1476-4687 .
- ^ McCormick, Tim; Fortey, Richard A. (1998-04). “Independent testing of a paleobiological hypothesis: the optical design of two Ordovician pelagic trilobites reveals their relative paleobathymetry” (英語). Paleobiology 24 (2): 235–253. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(1998)024[0235:ITOAPH]2.3.CO;2. ISSN 0094-8373 .
- ^ Woolfe, K. J. (1990-11-01). “Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor group (Devonian) of Antarctica”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80 (3): 301–310. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X. ISSN 0031-0182 .
- ^ サウスウッド 2007, p. 78.
- ^ サウスウッド 2007, p. 79.
- ^ Hughes, Nigel C.; Hong, Paul S.; Hou, Jinbo; Fusco, Giuseppe (2017). “The Development of the Silurian Trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii Reconstructed by Applying Inferred Growth and Segmentation Dynamics: A Case Study in Paleo-Evo-Devo”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 5. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00037. ISSN 2296-701X .
- ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Laibl, Lukáš (2021-07-01). “Protaspid larvae are unique to trilobites”. Arthropod Structure & Development 63: 101059. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101059. ISSN 1467-8039 .
- ^ Speyer, Stephen E.; Chatterton, Brian D.E. (1989-11). “Trilobite larvae and larval ecology” (英語). Historical Biology 3 (1-2): 27–60. doi:10.1080/08912968909386512. ISSN 0891-2963 .
- ^ Laibl, L; Fatka, O; Crônier, C; Budil, P (2014-03-17). “Early ontogeny of the Cambrian trilobite Sao hirsuta from the Skryje-Týřovice Basin, Barrandian area, Czech Republic”. Bulletin of Geosciences 89 (2): 293-309 .
- ^ a b Hegna, Thomas A.; Martin, Markus J.; Darroch, Simon A.F. (2017-03). “Pyritized in situ trilobite eggs from the Ordovician of New York (Lorraine Group): Implications for trilobite reproductive biology” (英語). Geology 45 (3): 199–202. doi:10.1130/G38773.1. ISSN 0091-7613 .
- ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Zhu, Xuejian; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2017-12). “The Vicissicaudata revisited – insights from a new aglaspidid arthropod with caudal appendages from the Furongian of China” (英語). Scientific Reports 7 (1): 11117. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11610-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5593897. PMID 28894246 .
- ^ Ortega‐Hernández, Javier; Legg, David A.; Braddy, Simon J. (2013). “The phylogeny of aglaspidid arthropods and the internal relationships within Artiopoda” (英語). Cladistics 29 (1): 15–45. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00413.x. ISSN 1096-0031 .
- ^ Du, Kun‐sheng; Ortega‐Hernández, Javier; Yang, Jie; Zhang, Xi‐guang (2019-06). “A soft‐bodied euarthropod from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte of China supports a new clade of basal artiopodans with dorsal ecdysial sutures” (英語). Cladistics 35 (3): 269–281. doi:10.1111/cla.12344. ISSN 0748-3007 .
- ^ Chen, Xiaohan; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Zhai, Dayou; Hou, Xianguang; Chen, Ailin; Mai, Huijuan; Liu, Yu (2019-08-06). “The appendicular morphology of Sinoburius lunaris and the evolution of the artiopodan clade Xandarellida (Euarthropoda, early Cambrian) from South China”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1491-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC PMC6685191. PMID 31387545 .
- ^ Jiao, De-Guang; Du, Kun-Sheng; Zhang, Xi-Guang; Yang, Jie; Eggink, Daniel (2022-05). “A new small soft-bodied non-trilobite artiopod from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota” (英語). Geological Magazine 159 (5): 730–734. doi:10.1017/S0016756821001254. ISSN 0016-7568 .
- ^ Schmidt, Michel; Hou, Xianguang; Zhai, Dayou; Mai, Huijuan; Belojević, Jelena; Chen, Xiaohan; Melzer, Roland R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier et al. (2022-03-28). “Before trilobite legs: Pygmaclypeatus daziensis reconsidered and the ancestral appendicular organization of Cambrian artiopods” (英語). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (1847). doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0030. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC PMC8819370. PMID 35125003 .
- ^ Zhang, Maoyin; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xianguang; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Mai, Huijuan; Schmidt, Michel; Melzer, Roland R.; Guo, Jin (2022-08). “Ventral Morphology of the Non-Trilobite Artiopod Retifacies abnormalis Hou, Chen & Lu, 1989, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, China” (英語). Biology 11 (8): 1235. doi:10.3390/biology11081235. ISSN 2079-7737 .
- ^ Berks, Harry O.; Lunde Nielsen, Morten; Flannery‐Sutherland, Joseph; Thorshøj Nielsen, Arne; Park, Tae‐Yoon S.; Vinther, Jakob (2023-05). “A possibly deep branching artiopodan arthropod from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (North Greenland)” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 9 (3). doi:10.1002/spp2.1495. ISSN 2056-2799 .
- ^ Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). “The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods” (英語). Current Biology 29 (12): R592–R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822 .
- ^ Størmer, Leif (1944) (English). On the relationships and phylogeny of fossil and recent Arachnomorpha: a comparative study on Arachnida, Xiphosura, Eurypterida, Trilobita, and other fossil Arthropoda. Oslo: Jacob Dybwad. OCLC 961296639
- ^ Stürmer, Wilhelm; Bergström, Jan (1978-06-01). “The arthropod Cheloniellon from the devonian hunsrück shale” (英語). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 52 (1): 57–81. doi:10.1007/BF03006730 .
- ^ Stürmer, Wilhelm; Bergström, Jan (1981-12-01). “Weinbergina, a xiphosuran arthropod from the devonian hunsrück slate” (ドイツ語). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 55 (3): 237–255. doi:10.1007/BF02988142 .
- ^ Scholtz, Gerhard; Edgecombe, Gregory (2005-04-27), Koenemann, Stefan; Jenner, Ronald, eds. (英語), Heads, Hox and the phylogenetic position of trilobites, 16, CRC Press, pp. 139–165, doi:10.1201/9781420037548.ch6, ISBN 978-0-8493-3498-6 2022年4月15日閲覧。
- ^ Dunlop, Jason (2005-11-30). “New ideas about the euchelicerate stem-lineage”. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica .
- ^ Lamsdell, James C. (2013-01-01). “Revised systematics of Palaeozoic ‘horseshoe crabs’ and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x. ISSN 0024-4082 .
- ^ “Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology”. paleo.ku.edu. 2022年4月15日閲覧。
- ^ Müller, Klaus J.; Walossek, Dieter (1987-08-15) (英語). Morphology, ontogeny, and life habit of Agnostus pisiformis from the Upper Cambrian of Sweden. 19. Universitetsforlaget. doi:10.18261/8200075117-1987-01. ISBN 978-82-00-07511-0
- ^ Moysiuk, J.; Caron, J.-B. (2019-01-16). “Burgess Shale fossils shed light on the agnostid problem” (英語). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286 (1894): 20182314. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2314. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC PMC6367181. PMID 30963877 .
- ^ 土屋健『カラー図解 古生物たちのふしぎな世界 繁栄と絶滅の古生代3億年史』講談社、2017年、119頁。ISBN 978-4-06-502018-0。
- ^ a b 川崎悟司『絶滅したふしぎな巨大生物』PHP研究所、2011年6月10日、28-29頁。ISBN 978-4-569-79636-9。
- ^ Gishlick, Alan D.; Fortey, Richard A. (2023-01-24). “Trilobite tridents demonstrate sexual combat at 400 Mya” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (4). doi:10.1073/pnas.2119970120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC PMC9942788. PMID 36649420 .
- ^ Daley, Allison C.; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Drage, Harriet B.; Pates, Stephen (2018-05-22). “Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian Explosion” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (21): 5323–5331. doi:10.1073/pnas.1719962115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC PMC6003487. PMID 29784780 .
- ^ Lieberman, Bruce S. (2002-07). “Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobita, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation” (英語). Journal of Paleontology 76 (4): 692–708. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0692:PAOSBE>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360 .
- ^ a b Paterson, John R.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lee, Michael S. Y. (2019-03-05). “Trilobite evolutionary rates constrain the duration of the Cambrian explosion” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (10): 4394–4399. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819366116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC PMC6410820. PMID 30782836 .
- ^ a b Bault, Valentin; Balseiro, Diego; Monnet, Claude; Crônier, Catherine (2022-07-01). “Post-Ordovician trilobite diversity and evolutionary faunas”. Earth-Science Reviews 230: 104035. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104035. ISSN 0012-8252 .
- 1 三葉虫とは
- 2 三葉虫の概要
- 3 分類
- 4 出現、繁栄と絶滅
- 5 文化
三葉虫
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2022/03/21 10:17 UTC 版)
※この「三葉虫」の解説は、「ジーンダイバー」の解説の一部です。
「三葉虫」を含む「ジーンダイバー」の記事については、「ジーンダイバー」の概要を参照ください。
「三葉虫」の例文・使い方・用例・文例
三葉虫と同じ種類の言葉
固有名詞の分類
- 三葉虫のページへのリンク