ギリシャとトルコの住民交換
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/10/22 14:33 UTC 版)
1923年のギリシャとトルコの住民交換（ギリシア語: Ἡ Ἀνταλλαγή, トルコ語: Mübâdele）は、住民の信仰に基づき、トルコ領内のギリシャ正教徒と、ギリシャ領内のイスラム教徒を交換したものである。トルコ領内に居住する正教徒は「ギリシャ人」と看做されてギリシャへ追放され、ギリシャ領内に居住するイスラム教徒は「トルコ人」と看做されてトルコ領内に追放された。これによって現代のギリシャとトルコが概ね「一国家一民族」の国民国家となった。しかし大規模な強制的な住民交換、あるいは「合意の上の相互追放」という民族浄化であり、その過程で多くの難民を出した。
- ^ a b Matthew J. Gibney, Randall Hansen. (2005). Immigration and Asylum: from 1900 to the Present, Volume 3. ABC-CLIO. p. 377. ISBN 1-57607-796-9. "The total number of Christians who fled to Greece was probably in the region of I.2 million with the main wave occurring in 1922 before the signing of the convention. According to the official records of the Mixed Commission set up to monitor the movements, the "Greeks' who were transferred after 1923 numbered 189,916 and the number of Muslims expelled to Turkey was 355,635 [Ladas I932, 438-439; but using the same source Eddy 1931, 201 states that the post-1923 exchange involved 192,356 Greeks from Turkey and 354,647 Muslims from Greece."
- ^ Nikolaos Andriotis (2008). Chapter The refugees question in Greece (1821-1930), in "Θέματα Νεοελληνικής Ιστορίας", ΟΕΔΒ ("Topics from Modern Greek History"). 8th edition
- ^ Howland, Charles P. "Greece and Her Refugees", Foreign Affairs, The Council on Foreign Relations. July, 1926.
- ^ 鈴木薫『オスマン帝国 イスラム世界の「柔らかい専制」』（講談社現代新書）、新井政美『オスマンVS.ヨーロッパ ＜トルコの脅威＞とは何だったのか』（講談社選書メチエ）
- ^ スミルナの大火、日本語版は「ギリシア人虐殺」を参照。
- ^ a b Ryan Gingeras. (2009). Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, 1912-1923. Oxford Scholarship. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561520.001.0001
- ^ Karakasidou, Anastasia N. (1997). Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia 1870-1990. University of Chicago Press
- ^ Keyder, Caglar.. (1987). State & Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development. Verso
- ^ a b UMUT O ̈ ZSU (2011). Fabricating Fidelity: Nation-Building, International Law, and the Greek–Turkish Population Exchange. Leiden Journal of International Law,. pp. 823–847. doi:10.1017/S0922156511000392
- ^ Mustafa Suphi Erden (2004). The exchange of Greek and Turkish populations in the 1920s and its socio-economic impacts on life in Anatolia. Journal of Crime, Law & Social ChangeInternational Law,. pp. 261–282
- ^ Naimark, Norman M (2002), Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe, Harvard University Press. p. 47.
- ^ Dinah, Shelton. Encyclopaedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, p. 303.
- ^ http://janasangh.com/jsart.aspx?stid=139
- ^ Dimitri Pentzopoulos (1962). The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and its Impact on Greece. Hurst & Company. pp. 51–110
- ^ Yaprak Giirsoy (2008). THE EFFECTS OF THE POPULATION EXCHANGE ON THE GREEK AND TURKISH POLITICAL REGIMES IN THE 1930S. East European Quarterly. pp. 95–122
- ^ MUSTAFA SUPHi ERDEN (2004). The exchange of Greek and Turkish populations in the 1920s and its socio-economic impacts on life in Anatolia. Journal of Crime, Law, and Social Change. pp. 261–282
- ^ a b c BI ̇RAY KOLLUOG ̆LU. (2013). Excesses of nationalism: Greco-Turkish population exchange. Journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and nationalism. pp. 532–550. doi:10.1111/nana.12028
- ^ Gilbar, Gad G. (1997). Population Dilemmas in the Middle East: Essays in Political Demography and Economy. London: F. Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4706-3
- ^ Kantowicz, Edward R. (1999). The rage of nations. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans. pp. 190–192. ISBN 0-8028-4455-3
- ^ Crossing the Aegean: The Consequences of the 1923 Greek-Turkish Population Exchange (Studies in Forced Migration). Providence: Berghahn Books. (2003). p. 29. ISBN 1-57181-562-7
- ^ Text of the population exchange convention
- ^ Renée Hirschon. (2003). Crossing the Aegean: an Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey. Berghahn Books. p. 85. ISBN 1-57181-562-7
- ^ Sofos, Spyros A.; Özkirimli, Umut (2008). Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. pp. 116–117. ISBN 1-85065-899-4
- ^ Hershlag, Zvi Yehuda (1997). Introduction to the Modern Economic History of the Middle East. Brill Academic Pub. p. 177. ISBN 90-04-06061-8
- ^ Yosef Kats (1998). Partner to Partition: the Jewish Agency's Partition Plan in the Mandate Era. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 0-7146-4846-9
- ^ Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2010). Modern Greece a history since 1821. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 94. ISBN 9781444314830
- ^ Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002). The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece ([2. impr.]. ed.). London: Hurst. p. 68. ISBN 9781850657026 2013年6月9日閲覧. "At the time of the Lausanne Conference, there were still about 200,000 Greeks remaining in Anatolia ; the Moslem population of Greece, not having been subjected to the turmoil of the Asia Minor campaign, was naturally almost intact. These were the people who, properly speaking, had to be exchanged."
- ^ Vryonis, Speros (2005). The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul. New York: Greekworks.com, Inc.. ISBN 0-974-76603-8
- ^ Tsouloufis, Angelos (1989). “The exchange of Greek and Turkish populations and the financial estimation of abandoned properties on either side”. Enosi Smyrnaion 1 (100).
- ^ a b c d Lekka, Anastasia (Winter 2007). “Legislative Provisions of the Ottoman/Turkish Governments Regarding Minorities and Their Properties”. Mediterranean Quarterly 18 (1): 135–154. doi:10.1215/10474552-2006-038. ISSN 10474552.
- ^ Metin Herer, “Turkey: The Political System Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,” in Contemporary Turkey: Society, Economy, External Policy, ed. Thanos Veremis and Thanos Dokos (Athens: Papazisi/ELIAMEP, 2002), 17 – 9.
- ^ Yildirim, Onur (2013). Diplomacy and Displacement: Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922–1934. Taylor & Francis. p. 317. ISBN 1136600094
- ^ ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチによれば、トルコのギリシャ人人口は2500人と見積もられている。"From 'Denying Human Rights and Ethnic Identity' series of Human Rights Watch" [リンク切れ] Human Rights Watch, 2 July 2006. アーカイブ 2006年7月7日 - ウェイバックマシン.
- ^ US Department of State - Religious Freedom, Greece http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71383.htm
- ^ Clark, Bruce (2006). Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey. Granta. ISBN 1-86207-752-5
[続きの解説]
「ギリシャとトルコの住民交換」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 ギリシャとトルコの住民交換とは
- 2 ギリシャとトルコの住民交換の概要
- 3 難民キャンプ
- 4 排除
- 5 その後
- 6 関連項目
- ギリシャとトルコの住民交換のページへのリンク
